温州市精神科护士职业倦怠及其影响因素研究

Study on Occupational Burnout and Influencing Factors in Psychiatric Department Nurses in Wenzhou City

目的探讨精神科护士个体因素、组织因素对其职业倦怠的影响。方法应用护士职业压力源量表、艾森克人格问卷、特质应对方式问卷、自我效能量表、职业倦怠量表对温州市154名精神专科医院护士进行问卷调查,进行各因子的相关性分析,构建结构方程模型。结果⑴职业倦怠各因子与组织压力、应对方式、人格特征的各因子之间的大部分因子均具有相关性(r=0.736^-0.582,均P<0.05);⑵以人格特征为外因潜在变量,以个体感知、组织压力、职业倦怠为内因潜在变量构建结构方程模型,修正模型各指标拟合较理想(χ2=157.279,χ2/df=2.313,GFI=0.927,AGFI=0.933,RMSE=0.076,CFI=0.909)。其中人格特征、个体感知对职业倦怠具有正向预测作用,但无统计学意义(路径系数分别为0.116、0.160,P>0.05),组织压力对职业倦怠具有正向预测作用,具有统计学意义(路径系数为0.762,P<0.05)。结论在精神专科医院中组织因素对职业倦怠的形成具有直接影响,个体因素通过组织因素的影响对职业倦怠产生间接影响。

Objective To explore the impact of individual factors and organizational factors on occupational burnout in psychiatric department nurses.Methods We investigated 154 nurses in psychiatric hospital using Professional Pressure Source Scale,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSG),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),and Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI).We then used Pearson correlation and structural equation model to analyze the data.Results(1) The factors of occupational burnout were related to the factors of organizational stress,coping style and personality traits(r=0.736^-0.582,with all P<0.05).(2) Taking personality characteristics as the external variable,the structural equation model was constructed based on the latent variables of individual perception,organizational stress and occupational burnout,and all indicators in model were fitted well(χ2=157.279,χ2/df=2.313,GFI=0.927,AGFI=0.933,RMSE=0.076,CFI=0.909).Among them,personality traits and individual perception had positive predictive effect on occupational burnout,but there was no statistical significance(Path coefficients were 0.116 and 0.160,P>0.05).Organizational stress had a positive predictive effect on occupational burnout,and there was statistical significance(Path coefficient is 0.762,P<0.05).Conclusion In psychiatric hospitals,organizational factors have a direct effect on occupational burnout.Individual factors have an indirect effect on occupational burnout through organizational factors.