扇贝土和黄土在刺参幼参饲料中的应用研究

Effects of dietary sea mud from coastal mudflat and scallop culture and loess on growth,digestion and immune indicators of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

为探寻刺参Apostichopus japonicus饲料中品质优、资源广、价格廉的海泥替代物,用扇贝土和混合一定比例螺旋藻(1∶9)的黄土分别替代海泥,并搭配海带投喂平均体质量为0.35 g的刺参幼参,试验设海泥组、扇贝土组、黄土组,每组设3个重复,在室内水族玻璃缸中进行试验,每个缸中放80头幼参,饲养时间为56 d,养殖试验结束后,分别测定各组刺参的生长、消化和非特异性免疫指标。结果表明:扇贝土组和黄土组刺参的成活率、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率等均高于海泥组,而饲料系数略低于海泥组,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05);黄土组脏壁比、比肠重显著低于扇贝土组和海泥组(P<0.05);扇贝土组刺参肠道中淀粉酶活力显著高于黄土组(P<0.05),但两组与海泥组均无显著性差异(P>0.05);扇贝土组刺参体腔液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著高于黄土组(P<0.05),且两组显著高于海泥组(P<0.05);扇贝土组和黄土组刺参体腔液过氧化物酶(POD)活力及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)高于海泥组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,扇贝土和混合螺旋藻的黄土均可作为新资源完全替代海泥饲料,且以扇贝土最优。

Seven hundred and twenty individuals of sea cucumber with an average initial average body weight of0.35 g were randomly allocated into 9 glass tanks of each 0.4 m × 0.5 m × 0.6 m at a density of 80 individuals per tank and fed diets containing sea mud from coastal mudflat and scallop culture and loess at water temperature of（ 17±1） ℃ with 3 replicates for 8 weeks in order to research for sea mud alternates with good price and best quality.The results showed that there were slightly higher survival rate,weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency and lower feed conversion ratio in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing sea mud from scallop culture and loess than those in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing the sea mud from coastal mudflat,without significant difference（ P0.05）. The ratio of intestine weight to body weight and the ratio of viscera to body wall were shown to be significantly lower in the loess group than those in the other groups（ P0.05）. The amylase（ AMS） activity was significantly higher in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing sea mud from scallop culture than that in loess group（ P0.05）,without significant difference between the test groups and control group（ P0.05）. The significant differences in coelomic fluid glutathione peroxidase（ GSH-Px） activity were observed in the sea cucumber among three groups（ P〈0. 05）,the maximum in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing sea mud from scallop culture,and the minimum in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing loess. The sea cucumber fed the diets containing sea mud from scallop culture and loess had slightly higher peroxidase（ POD） and T-AOC activities than the sea cucumber fed the diets containing sea mud did,without significant difference（ P0.05）. The findings indicate that sea mud from scallop culture and loess as two new resources can completely replace the sea mud in sea cucumber diet,especially sea mud from scallop culture.