浑太河春季不同水生态功能区大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

Community structure of macroinvertebrates and its relationship with environmental factors in different freshwater ecosystem function regions of Huntai River,China

为评价浑太河流域影响大型底栖动物群落结构的环境因子在不同水生态功能区间的差异性,于2012年春季对浑太河65个采样点进行大型底栖动物和水体理化环境因子的取样调查。结果表明:浑太河流域3个水生态功能区大型底栖动物的物种组成比例、指示种有显著性差异(P<0.05),大型底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和物种丰富度有显著性差异(P<0.05),且不同水生态功能区环境因子也存在显著性差异(P<0.05);典范对应分析显示,水生态功能Ⅰ区的驱动因子是海拔、水深、总氮,水生态功能Ⅱ区的驱动因子是高锰酸钾盐指数、盐度,水生态功能Ⅲ区的驱动因子是溶解氧、电导率、盐度;相关性分析显示,水生态功能Ⅰ区海拔、总氮与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著相关,高锰酸钾盐指数与Pielou均匀度指数显著相关(P<0.05),溶解氧、海拔、总氮与物种丰富度显著相关(P<0.05);水生态功能Ⅱ区环境因子与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数相关性不明显(P>0.05),海拔、电导率、盐度、总溶解固体与Pielou均匀度指数显著相关,海拔与物种丰富度相关(P<0.05);水生态功能Ⅲ区环境因子与这些指数相关性不明显(P>0.05)。研究表明,浑太河流域不同水生态功能区大型底栖动物群落结构组成具有空间异质性,环境因子有显著性差异,不同水生态功能区影响大型底栖动物群落结构的环境因子存在差异性。

The macroinvertebrates and water physical and chemical environmental factors were surveyed at 65 sampling sites in Huntai River,China,in spring of 2012,in order to study the differences of environmental factors affecting the community structure of macroinvertebrates in different freshwater ecosystem function regions of Huntai River. The results showed that there were significant differences in species composition and indicator species of macroinvertebrates in three freshwater ecosystem function regions of Huntai River,with significantly differences in Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and species-richness index of macroinvertebrate in three freshwater ecosystem function regions of Huntai River and in the environmental factors of different freshwater ecosystem function regions（ P〈0. 05）. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that altitude,water depth and total nitrogen were of the driving factors in freshwater ecosystem function region Ⅰ,that potassium permanganate index,and salinity in the freshwater ecosystem function region Ⅱ,and that dissolved oxygen,conductivity,and salinity in freshwater ecosystem function region Ⅲ. Correlation analysis indicated that Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly correlated with altitude and total nitrogen（ P〈0.05）; Pielou evenness index was significantly correlated with potassium permanganate index（ P〈0. 05）,and species richness was significantly correlated with altitude and levels of dissolved oxygen,and total nitrogen（ P〈0. 05） in freshwater ecosystem function region I.In freshwater ecosystem function region Ⅱ,however,there was no significant correlation between environment factors and ShannonWiener diversity index（ P〈0. 05）,with significant correlation between sea level,conductivity,salinity,and total dissolved solids and Pielou evenness index（ P〈0. 05）,and between altitude and species richness（ P〈0. 05）. No significant correlation between environmental factors and these indices was found in the freshwater ecosystem function region Ⅲ. The findings indicate that there are spatial heterogeneity in community structure of macroinvertebrate and in environmental factors influencing the community structure of macroinvertebrates in different freshwater ecosystem function regions in Huntai River Basin.