日粮蛋白质水平对泌乳母猪性能和产子性能的影响

Effects of diets with different crude protein levels on lactation sows production performance,back fat thickness,serum biochemical,milk biochemical parameters,and the performance of suckling piglets

本试验旨在氨基酸平衡日粮的基础上,探讨不同粗蛋白质水平日粮对泌乳母猪生产性能、背膘厚、血清生化指标和乳生化指标,哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响。选择胎次(2~5胎)、预产期、体况相近的长白×大约克母猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头母猪,分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为18%(对照组)、16%(试验1组)、14%(试验2组)、12%(试验3组)的氨基酸平衡日粮,试验从妊娠期107 d到仔猪21 d断奶时结束,为期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验2组和试验3组显著降低断奶时母猪的体重(P<0.05),提高泌乳期失重(P<0.05),增加了母猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05);降低日粮中蛋白质水平会显著影响泌乳母猪的背膘厚度和仔猪的断奶重(P<0.05),母猪血清中尿素氮水平会随日粮蛋白质水平下降显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,较低粗蛋白质水平(14%和12%)会显著降低血清中血糖和Ig M含量(P<0.05);此外,与对照组相比,较低的粗蛋白质水平(14%和12%)会显著降低初乳中Ig M含量(P<0.05),但对常乳没有显著影响。因此,泌乳母猪日粮中粗蛋白质水平不能一味降低,与常规18%粗蛋白质水平日粮相比,14%和12%的粗蛋白质水平日粮会明显影响泌乳母猪性能和产子性能。

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets with different crude protein levels on lactation sows production performance,back fat thickness,serum biochemical and milk biochemical parameters,and the performance of suckling piglets.Forty lactation sows with similar fetal times,birth dates and body conditions were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 sows.These sows were fed 18% crude protein（control group）,16%（Trial 1）,14%（Trial 2）,or 12%（Trial 3）diets with amino acid balance.The experiment was lasted from the day 107 of gestation until weaning of piglets at day 21.The results showed that compared with the control group,Trial 2 and Trial 3 signifi cantly reduced the weight of sows at ends（P〈0.05）,increased the weight loss at lactation（P〈0.05）,but increased the Average Daily Feed Intake（P〈0.05）.Reducing dietary protein levels can signifi cantly affected back fat thickness and piglets weaning weight（P〈0.05）.Serum urea nitrogen levels in sows decreased signifi cantly as dietary protein levels decreased（P〈0.05）.Compared to the control group,lower levels of crude protein（14% and 12%）signifi cantly reduced serum glucose and Ig M levels（P〈0.05）.In addition,lower crude protein levels（14% and 12%）can signifi cantly reduced Ig M levels in colostrum（P〈0.05）compared to the control group,but had no signifi cant effect on regular milk.To sum up,the crude protein levels in the lactating sows diets can not be continuously reduced.Diets with 14% and 12% of crude protein level will signifi cantly affect lactating sows performance and piglets performance when compared to the diets with 18% crude protein levels.