美国大学市场化技术转移服务:两种模式的比较

Market-oriented Technology Transfer Service of American Universities: A Comparison of Two Models

成果转化不力已成为政府和大学面对迫切的市场需求而深感焦虑的事情。究其原因,市场化技术转移服务乏力是关键。美国大学中存在着技术转移办公室和附属技术转移机构两种市场化技术转移服务模式,前者充当学术界与商业界之间的媒介,后者侧重缔造校企合作网络。二者具有不同的工作重点:技术转移办公室建立专业化服务团队、网罗多方技术转移资源、精细化技术转移流程;附属技术转移机构强化科技成果的二次开发和金融资源的吸附。中国大学应兼取二者之长,强化专业化服务和市场化导向,注重完善技术成果的商业成熟度,以改进转化效果。

Faced with urgent market demand, inactive technology transfer for lack of market-oriented technology transfer services has become an issue that both government and universities are anxious about. There are two models concerning market-oriented technology transfer services in American universities, including TI＇O （Technology Transfer Office） and Affiliated Technology Transfer Organ. While the former acts as media between academia and business, the latter focuses on network-building between universities and enterprises. TFO is aimed at establishing professionalized service teams, collecting various technology transfer resources, and refining technology transfer processes. Affiliated Technology Transfer Organ focuses on enhancing the second development of technology achievements and absorption of financial resources. It is imperative for Chinese universities to take advantage of both models from the perspectives of professionalized service, market-oriented guidance, and the business sophistication of technological achievement so as to improve the efficiency of technology transfer.