先秦农事诗与先秦农业——兼论文学起源问题

On the Farming Poetry and Agriculture of the Pre-Qin Dynasty——Also on the Origin of Literature

中国原始人类采集、狩猎活动源远流长。简单的人工种植、养殖活动约万年历史。迄今可知的农事诗创作有近五千年的历史,口头农事诗创作的历史则更为久远。原始采集、狩猎、农业、畜牧业,成为诗歌(最早的文学样式)创作的源泉,也就有了先秦以农业生产活动为题材的农事诗。原始社会黄帝时代《弹歌》、伊耆氏(神农氏)时代《蜡辞》等为代表的原始农事诗,《诗经·豳风·七月》等为代表的奴隶社会后期农事诗,是文学起源于农事生产劳动的直接体现。与先秦农业生产活动相联系的农事祭祀活动,作为先秦农业生产的文化延伸,构成了农事诗的又一题材和创作源泉,使先秦文学题材不断拓展。

In China ,the primitive human collection and hunting activities have a long history. The simple planting and breeding activities can be traced back about 10000 years. As far as we can know, the creation of written farming poetry has a history of nearly 5000 years, and the history of oral farming poetry is even earlier. The original collecting, hunting, farming and livestock fanning turned into the source of creating poetry （the earliest literary style ）, and also became the theme of farming poetry in the pre-Qin times. The farming poetry represented by ＂Songs of Play＂ and ＂Wax Words＂ in the primitive era and ＂The Book of Songs-Bin Style-July＂ in the later slave society directly embodies that literature originated from farming activities. As the cultural extension of pre-Qin agricultural production, the farming sacrificial activities, which are related to the agricultural production activities in pre-Qin period, constitute another subject and creative source of the farming poems, and constantly expands the pre-Qin literature theme.