昆山“望田头”:江南稻作时空体验的传承与发展

“Inspection of the Farmland” in Kunshan: Inherit and Development of Time-space Perception in Rice Cropping of Jiangnan

"望田头"是江南地区观察农作物水稻等生长情况和自然环境的一种知识、技术体系,反映了传统时代江南农民的时空体验。昆山水稻栽培历史悠久,在长期的农业实践中,总结出了一套建立在观察、体验基础之上的"望田头"经验。农民不仅观察苗情,还关注与水稻生长相关的自然环境,对气象、水情都有着精细的观察。通过观察,形成了敏感时空体验,体现了人与环境的互动联系。20世纪50年代,昆山地区农业仍保留着许多传统的观察经验和以看稻施肥、水浆管理为中心的技术体系,还产生了许多带有地方特色的农谚和俗语。随着现代农业技术的推广,传统的望田头技术在农村中逐步消失,而根植于传统农业社会的时空体验也随着城镇化过程中人与自然的隔离而被淡忘。在新的形势下,昆山悦丰岛有机农场重新挖掘传统的"望田头"经验,形成了一套兼具有机种植和田园观察体验的知识与技术体系,在探索现代有机农业、都市田园体验、农耕教育传承等方面提供了生动的现实案例。

＂Inspection of the farmland＂ is the knowledge and technology system to observe the growth situation of rice and other crops along with natural environment in Jiangnan area, which reflects the time-space perception of peasants in the traditional eras. Kunshan has a long history in cultivating rice. During the long-term agricultural practice, local peasants have summarized a set of experience in＂inspection of the farm- land＂ based on observation and perception. Not only did they observe the condition of rice seedling, but also they paid close attention to weather condition, water situation in farmland and other natural environment which influenced the growth of rice. By observing, peasants developed great sensitiveness in time-space perception, reflecting the interaction between human and nature. In 1950s,there still exited some traditional experience as well as technology system including fertilization according to the farming growth of rice and paddy water manage. Many proverbs and colloquialisms with regional features were widely spread among local peasants in Kun- shan. However, with the popularization of modem agricultural technology, technology of traditional ＂inspection of the farmland＂ is disappearing in many rural areas. Meanwhile, time-space perception rooted in traditional agricultural society has fell into oblivion since the isolation between human and nature during the process of urbanization. Under new situation, an organic farm in Kunshan named Yuefeng Island rediscovered experience of traditional ＂inspection of the farmland＂ and applies it to practice. It forms a set of knowledge and technology system with both organic cultivation and pastoral experience projects, offering a vivid case in the process of exploring the development of modern organic agriculture, pastoral experience in urban area and inheritance of a- gricuhural education.