唐代武则天科举改制的政治动因

Political Motivation in Empress Wu Ze-tian's Reform of Imperial Examination

唐代武则天的科举改制具有深刻的政治动因。武则天重视科举,是因为科举的斗争性品格有助于她解决通往最高权力道路上的两个最大难题:女性角色和庶族出身。在颠覆李唐、打击旧门阀的过程中,崇文抑儒、破立结合是她科举改制的基本策略。初始阶段,主要是打压儒学,突围儒学排斥女人参政的正统思想,弱化旧门阀的文化根基。革命既成阶段,一边分化儒学,支持和拉拢新儒学势力,以壮大新贵族群体;一边大力宣扬儒学的忠孝观念,在科考中灌输奴化思想,巩固既得成果。武氏以文经国,科举文学化的精神属性与文儒合一的士人结构类型,以及诗赋取士的基本格局,正是武周革命科举改制下的产物。

Empress Wu＇s reform of the imperial examination is an important part of her revolution and was motivated by politics. Empress Wu gave full play to the struggling role of the imperial examination, which helped her change the dynasty. The true reason of her getting rid of Confucianism in the imperial examination is against the tradition, the old aristocratic class and the patriarchal society which is based on Confucianism passed from ancient times. She made the spirit of the imperial examination overturned： the core values were deprived of Confucianism, the officials election was made accessible to grass-root level. As a result, her power was more centralized and more intellectuals began to participate in politics. These changes wakened the ruling foundation of the old aristocratic which took Guanlong Group as the core and formed a new intellectual political group which took the ordinary as the core. Her reform of the imperial examination is an important source of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. It not only contributed to her success in the reform,but also formed an official electoral competition mechanism.