声腔范畴下的“昆腔”类概念厘正

Correction of Class Concept of Kun Opera within the Category of Acoustic Cavity

"声腔"是我国戏曲音乐中具有多重含义的"类概念"称谓,"昆腔"作为我国戏曲"四大声腔"之一,其概念在工具书词条与专业教科书中的多重释义与混生应用,不仅制约着传统文化的传承与教学,而且产生了诸多不良的学术影响与学习理解的困惑。通过"昆腔"核心词条的比较分析发现,"昆腔"类概念的发展经历了起源、发展、雅化、剧种、变异五个不同阶段,每个阶段都会诞生新的称谓,一方面他们同种同源,彼此互有关联,甚至互为通用;另一方面,他们又因内涵有别而各有特点。不加区分地互通混用既不科学,也欠严谨,且会造成认知混乱。厘清声腔范畴下"昆腔"类概念的发展与变异历程,既可以促进了戏曲艺术的研究,也有助于昆腔类概念的认知理解和戏曲艺术的教育传承。

＂Acoustic cavity＂ is a ＂class concept＂ term with multiple connotations in Chinese opera music. As one of the four operas, Kun Opera is interpreted with multiple connotations and mixed usage in entries of reference books and textbooks, which has both confined the inheritance and teaching of traditional culture and generated lots of undesirable academic influences and perplexes in learning. By the comparison of core entries of Kun Opera, we find that the ＂class concept＂ of Kun Opera has experienced periods of origin, development, refinement, classification and variation, and in each period there has been new names for Kun Opera. On the one hand, they emerged from the same origin and are inter-linked. On the other hand, they are different from each other in connotations and have their own distinctive features.Therefore, the indiscriminate uses of Kun Opera are neither scientific nor precise. The correction of the development and variation of the class concept of Kun Opera can promote the research on dramatic arts, help us recognize the class concept of Kun Opera and advocate the inheritance of the teaching of dramatic arts.