微润灌对冬小麦生长和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Moistube Irrigation on Winter Wheat's Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency

【目的】探明微润灌对大田密植型作物生长与灌溉水利用效率的影响。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象,采用大田完全随机试验,通过微润灌与滴灌(地下滴灌、地表滴灌)、无灌溉对比,研究了微润灌对冬小麦生长、旗叶特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】微润灌冬小麦株高、干物质质量、群体增长率、旗叶特性、产量、作物水分利用效率及灌溉水分利用效率均高于未灌溉处理,与滴灌对冬小麦生长的影响具有相似性,在灌溉大田密植型作物冬小麦方面具有较强的适用性。与滴灌相比,微润灌节水效果显著,灌水量约为滴灌的3/4,微润灌可延长冬小麦生育期约5 d,也可提高冬小麦株高、干物质量、群体增长率、旗叶特性、产量、作物水分利用效率及灌溉水分利用效率。【结论】为确保冬小麦生长指标及产量达最优,建议实践应用中,在作物关键需水期(抽雄期、灌浆成熟期)应适当增大微润灌工作压力。

【Objective】Explore the influence of moistube irrigation for the dense planting crops with growth and irrigation water use efficiency.【Method】We used the completely random experiment design in field of arable land with winter wheat,and the different effects on winter wheats＇ growth,the flag leaf characteristics,yield and water use efficiency with moistube irrigation were explored,comparing with drip irrigation（subsurface drip irrigation,surface drip irrigation） and no irrigation.【Result】The results showed that the winter wheat plant height,dry matter mass,population growth rate,characteristics of flag leaf,yield,crop water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of moistube irrigation were higher than no irrigation treatment and were more similar to drip irrigation,which indicated that the moistube irrigation had a strong applicability under the dense planting winter wheat irrigation in field.Compared with drip irrigation,the water consumption of moistube irrigation was about 3/4 of drip irrigation.The growth period of winter wheat could be extended about 5 d under moistube irrigation and the winter wheat plant height,dry matter mass,population growth rate,characteristics of flag leaf,yield,crop water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency could be improved.【Conclusion】So it is suggested that,at the key crop water requirement period（tasseling stage and grain-filling stage）,moistube irrigation work pressures should be appropriately increased in the practical application to ensured winter wheat growth and yield.