保墒措施和调亏灌溉对寒区春玉米生长及产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Soil Moisture Conservation Measures and Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Physiology, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Cold Regions

【目的】提高寒区春玉米产量和水分利用效率。【方法】设置保水剂(S)、秸秆(G)、地膜(M)保墒处理和无保墒(K)处理及W1、W2、W3、W4调亏处理和W5充分水分处理,进行测筒试验,研究了不同保墒措施和调亏灌溉条件下玉米生长生理及产量和水分利用效率对水分亏缺程度的响应。【结果】试验处理中,M-W4处理的玉米产量和水分利用效率均最大,分别为17 555.02 kg/hm2和3.77 kg/m3。与对照(K-W5处理)相比,S-调亏处理耗水量减少了12.86%~26.17%,产量亦减少了3.55%~19.42%,而水分利用效率提高了2.71%~18.24%;G-调亏处理耗水量减少了13.54%~20.98%,而产量和水分利用效率或有增减,G-W1、G-W2处理产量和水分利用效率分别减少了18.40%和0.22%、14.38%和0.84%,G-W3、G-W4处理产量和水分利用效率分别增加了2.33%和25.74%、2.31%和29.65%;M-调亏处理耗水量减少了17.45%~27.82%,M-W1、M-W2、M-W3产量分别减少了0.36%、9.38%、3.39%,M-W4处理产量增加了3.17%,而调亏处理水分利用效率提高19.36%~38.47%。【结论】保墒调亏优化处理确能提高产量和水分利用效率。

【Objective】Improve spring maize yield in cold regions and water use efficiency. 【Method】Super absorbent polymers（S）, straw（G）, mulch（M） soil moisture conservation, and non-soil moisture conservation treatments（K） were set, along with W1, W2, W3, W4 regulated deficit treatment and W5 sufficient water treatment.Cylinder test was carried out to study the response of growth physiology and yield of maize and water use efficiency to water deficit degree under different soil moisture conservation and regulated deficit irrigation.【Result】The results showed that in the test treatments, the maize yield and water use efficiency in the M-W4 treatment were the largest and were 17 555.02 kg/hm2 and 3.77 kg/m^3 respectively. Compared with those in the control（KW5）, the water consumption in the S-regulated deficit irrigation treatment decreased by 12.86% -26.17%, the yield also decreased by 3.55% -19.42%, and the water use efficiency increased by 2.71% -18.24%; the water consumption in the G-regulated deficit irrigation treatment decreased by 13.54%-20.98%, the yield and water use efficiency in the G-W1 and G-W2 treatment decreased by 18.40% and 0.22%, 14.38% and 0.84%, respectively, and the yield and water use efficiency in the G-W3 and G-W4 treatment increased by 2.33% and 25.74%,2.31% and 29.65%, respectively; the water consumption in the M-regulated deficit irrigation treatment decreased by 17.45% -27.82%, the yield in the M-W1, M-W2 and M-W3 treatment decreased by 0.36%, 9.38% and3.39%, respectively, while the yield in M-W4 treatment group increased by 3.17%, and the water use efficiency increased by 19.36%-38.47%.【Conclusion】To sum up, the optimized combination of soil moisture conservation and regulated deficit irrigation can improve the yield and water use efficiency.