锁定钢板外置与外固定支架固定骨折的生物力学研究

Biomechanical study on locking plate external and external fixation of fracture

目的通过研究分析锁定钢板外置与外固定支架固定骨折的生物力学性能,为锁定钢板外置固定骨折提供理论依据。方法选用10根人体新鲜尸骨胫骨,制备成新鲜骨折标本,分成2组分别采用锁定钢板外置固定和外固定支架固定。在距骨表面3 cm的平面,观察2组标本在不同载荷下承受的轴向压缩值、扭转角度值和弯曲位移值。结果 2组胫骨骨折标本在不同平面施加100、200、300、400、500、600 N外力载荷下的轴向压缩值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且所施加载荷越大,压缩值差异越大。2组骨折标本在不同平面施加5、7、9、11、13、15 N·cm载荷下的轴向扭转角度值差异明显,且载荷越大,扭转角度值差异越大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组骨折标本在不同平面施加80、120、160、200、240 N载荷下的弯曲位移值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且载荷越大,弯曲位移值差异越大。结论锁定钢板外置固定比外固定支架固定胫骨折的生物力学性能更好,可以在临床上使用。

Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristic of external locking plate and external fixation of fracture, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of external locking plate in fracture fixation. Methods 10 bovine bones of different lengths were selected, performed them into the artificial fracture specimens. They were divided into two groups, and fixed them with exter- nal locking plate fixation and external fixation respectively. The axial compression, torsion angle and bending changes in different loads were observed. Results There were significant difference in the axial compressive load values between the two groups under 100,200, 300,400,500 and 600 N （P 〈 O. 05 ）, and the applied load increase, the greater of the gap in axial compressive values. The differences of torsion angles between the two groups under 5,7,9,11,12 and 15 N. cm were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 ）, and the greater of the load, the higher of the gap in torsion angles. The differences of bending load displacement values between the two groups under 40,80, 120,160,200 and 240 N were statistically significant （P 〈 O. 05 ）, and with the greater of the load, the larger of the gap in bending displacement values. Conclusion The biomechanical properties of external locking plate fixation is better than the external fixation, and it can be clinically used as external fixators providing a new method for the clinical treatment of Open fractures.