庄子形神论及其艺术转化——兼论其对中国写人传统的影响

Chuangtzu's Theory on Body and Spirit and Its Artistic Transformation——Also on Its Influence on the Tradition of Chinese Portraying Person

前庄子时代形神问题已陆续受到关注,但尚未有系统完整的形神观念,直至庄子才对形神问题进行了全面、系统而又辩证的阐释。庄子形神论主要涉及三方面的内容:一是"形"是"神"的前提和基础;二是"神"为"形"之主;三是"形""神"相互依存。庄子对形神问题的认识已带有自觉的艺术意识,其形神观的确立对后世中国哲学和文学艺术产生了极为深远的影响。就写人领域而言,不断发展演变的形神观构成了中国写人传统的理论基础,同时中国写人传统又延续和丰富了这种富有民族特色的形神理论。

Before the Chuangtzu＇s period,Body and Spirit had been successively paid attention to.However,the concept of Body and Spirit had not been integrated until Chuangtzu explained them in a comprehensive,systematic and dialectical way.There are three aspects in Chuangtzu＇s theory on Body and Spirit.Firstly,Body is the precondition and foundation of Spirit.Secondly,Spirit is the lead of Body.Thirdly,Body and Spirit are interdependent.There is conscious concept of arts in Chuangtzu＇s recognition of Body and Spirit.The establishment of his concept of Body and Spirit has great influence on the Chinese philosophy,literary and art for the later generations.As for the field of portraying person,the concept of Body and Spirit constitutes the theoretical foundation of Chinese portraying person theory.At the same time,the theory of Chinese portraying person continues and enriches the concept of Body and Spirit,which is full of national characteristics.