还原科学研究的过程——基于一次大学物理探究课的实践

REPRODUCE THE PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH——BASED ON TEACHING PRACTICE OF A EXPLORING LESSON ABOUT UNIVERSITY PHYSICS

我国基础教育长期的应试训练对高等教育的影响正逐步显现。许多学生平时不学、考前才学的不良学习习惯给当前的高等教育带来了问题:如何培养学生的科学探究能力和创新能力?如何培养学生正确的科学态度和勇于质疑的科学精神?本文通过一次大学物理探究课的实践经历,尝试为解决这些问题提供可行的方案。该探究课以磁铁作为研究对象,从生活情境——磁铁断裂现象引出问题,组织学生通过自主学习、小组实验、报告猜想、讨论分析、推理总结等环节,使学生亲身体验科学研究的过程,在课堂探究过程中自然构建物质的磁性、磁畴、居里点、磁化等重要物理概念,最终用物理理论解释了"磁铁断裂后,它们以断裂面靠近时可能出现的现象"及其产生原因。

The domestic test-oriented training of elementary education gradually impacts higher education.So many students don＇t study in the usual days and only study in the special days before test.It brings problems to higher education.How can we do to cultivate the students＇ scientific exploring ability and innovation ability？How can we do to cultivate their right scientism and the scientific spirit of having courage to query？We try to resolve these problems through teaching practice of an exploring lesson about university physics.Using the magnet as research object,we bring the question from a phenomenon of magnet being broken in dairy life.The students have been arranged to study independently,conduct experiments in groups,put forward hypothesis,interactive discuss,analyze and summarize.Naturally,by experiencing the scientific research in person,the students build up the important physics concepts of magnetism,magnetic domain,Curie temperature and magnetization in the exploring procedure.And with physics theory,they answer the questions about what will appear when two fractions of a broken magnet close to each other with their fracture and the reason for these phenomena.