开放能源市场中并网式热电联产的利润优化运行策略

Optimal Profit Operation Strategy of the Network-connected CHP in Open Energy Market

在开放的能源市场中,并网式热电联产系统（combined heat and power system,CHPs）以供能区为单位,在满足所在供能区负荷的同时,可以向相应的热电网络出售多余的热和电。该文针对并网式CHPs提出最大利润控制器和相应优化运行策略。首先,基于包括供能区热电进出口的不同能量流动情况,相应地建立了4种利润模型,并将一天中的并网式热电联产运行曲线划分为若干个优化区间,每个优化区间都有一种相应的利润模型。然后,以优化区间为单位,利用灰色预测模型和最小二乘法得到热、电、天然气的预测售购价格,并基于该价格推导出每个区间的利润公式,继而求出利润模型的离散最优解。接着,考虑调节速率,用动态规划法得到并网式热电联产的实时最优运行策略。最后,将并网式热电联产的运行数据记录到历史数据库中,对系统进行反馈控制。通过以上步骤,能够得到并网式热电联产的优化运行策略,实现利润最大化。通过一个1MW的并网式热电联产对本文所提模型进行了验证。

In a completely open energy market, the network-connected combined heat and power system（CHPs） is built in an energy supplying area. After the loads in the area are satisfied, its surplus heat and electricity will be imported to the corresponding heat and electric networks to gain additional profits. A maximum profit controller was proposed in this paper, together with the economic operation strategy. Through the status combination of the heat and electricity export to the network from the CHP or import to the energy supplying area from the network, we establish four profit models for the network-connected CHP and divid the CHP operation curve into several optimizing intervals of a day. Each interval corresponds to a specific profit model. Then, in each interval, we use gray forecasting model combined with least square method to work out the energy prices. Based on these prices, the discrete optimal solution of each interval＇s profit model can be obtained. Considering ramp rate, we use dynamic programming method to obtain optimal operation strategy in real time. Finally, we send all operation data into historical database as feedback control. Through all the steps above, the network-connected CHP＇s optimal operation strategy can be obtained with the maximum profit. Also, a demonstration example is conducted with a 1 MW network-connected CHP in this paper.