行政违法行为犯罪化的完善——兼评我国刑法几次修正案的有关规定

Improvement of the Criminalization of Administrative Malfeasance——Comments on the relevant provisions of amendments to the criminal law of China

为了满足加强社会管理、适应国家职能发展以及完善我国刑法结构等方面的需要,我国加快了行政违法行为犯罪化的进程。在实践中,行政违法行为犯罪化朝着入罪数量迅速增加、领域逐渐扩大、门槛逐步降低等方向发展。由于存在着行政违法行为与犯罪行为区分标准淡化、刑法与行政法功能定位模糊、刑罚启动条件松动等问题,我国行政违法行为犯罪化领域中出现了刑法泛化的倾向。为保持行政违法行为犯罪化的适度,在入罪的价值目标上应以"常识、常理、常情"为基础;在入罪标准上应坚持以刑法调整的对象为基础重构"严重的社会危害性"之内容;在入罪限度上应坚持将行政法规范的前置性作用、手段的合比例性、结果的效益性等作为"刑法谦抑原则"的内容。

In order to keep up with the demand of strengthening social management,adapting to the development of state functions and improving the structure of criminal law,China accelerated the process of the criminalization of administrative malfeasance. In practice,new changes have taken place in the developing of the criminalization of administrative malfeasance,such as the number of crimes is increasing rapidly,the field of crimes is expanding,and the threshold of crime is gradually lowered. Due to the weakening of the standard of distinction between the administrative malfeasance and the crime,the vague function between the criminal law and administrative law,and the loose initiation of punishment,there is a tendency of generalization of criminal law in the field of criminalization of administrative malfeasance. In order to be moderate in the criminalization of administrative malfeasance,we should adhere to the value foundation of the ＂common knowledge＂, ＂common sense ＂ and＂common reason＂; reconstructing the contents of ＂serious social harm nature＂as the standard elements of criminalization basing on the theory of the regulation target of criminal law; and also adhere to the ＂tolerance of criminal law ＂ as the limit elements which include the elements of the basic role of prepositive administrative law,the proportionality of means and the effectiveness of the results.