植物检疫几个关键理论问题的初探

Preliminary study on several key theoretical issues of plant quarantine

为了保护我国生态安全和经济安全,适应国家经济发展新形势,必须加强植物检疫基础理论的研究,以有效防止生物入侵。研究生命起源和生物进化的理论、生物多样性和物种总数、物种分子互作和协同进化理论,有助于检疫性有害生物成灾机理和有害生物精准风险分析和防控的基础理论的研究。生命起源和生物进化、大陆漂移和气候变迁,共同形成了当代全球生物多样性格局。不同生态地理区域的物种具有显著不同的多样性,经过数千万年甚至上亿年的生物地理互相作用进化,地球上已形成了一个相对稳定的生物地理多样平衡体系。物种分子互作和协同进化,为检疫性有害生物成灾机理研究和有害生物精准风险分析和防控奠定了基础。病原与寄主的分子互作,主要涉及到病原物的识别、识别信号的传递、基因表达调控、病原效应子对抗的寄主物理和分子抗性机制等方面。近年来成灾机理方面取得最大的理论突破主要有:致病性基因表达调控机理、si RNA介导的抗病机制、致病蛋白因子互作等。分子生物学发展突飞猛进,使得寄主-病原互作分子合作机理越来越清晰,再加上大多数病原和寄主作物基因组被测定出来,为精准风险分析和防控提供了可能,即将进入检疫性有害生物精准风险分析和防控时代。

In order to protect the ecological security and economic security of our country and to adapt to the development of the national economic situation,we must strengthen the research of the basic theory of plant quarantine so as to effectively prevent biological invasion. Research on the theory of life origin and biological evolution,biodiversity and species total,species molecular interaction and synergetic evolution is helpful to the research on the mechanism of quarantine pest infestation and the pest precision risk analysis and prevention. The origins of life and biological evolution,continental drift and climate change together form the contemporary global biodiversity pattern. Species in different eco-geographical regions have distinct diversity,and after tens of millions of years and even billions of years of biological and geographic interaction,the Earth has formed a relatively stable biological and geographical balance system. The molecular interaction and synergistic evolution of species have laid a foundation for the study of the mechanism of quarantine pest infestation and the analysis and prevention of pest-accurate risk. The interaction between pathogen and host is mainly related to the identification of pathogen,the transmission of recognition signal,the regulation of gene expression,and the mechanism of pathogen effector against host physical and molecular resistance. In recent years,the biggest theoretical breakthroughs in the pathogenesis of the disease are as follows：regulation mechanism of pathogenicity gene expression,si RNA mediated disease-resistance mechanism,interaction of pathogenic protein factors,etc. The rapid development of molecular biology makes the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction more and more clear,and the genome of most pathogens and host crops is determined,which provides the possibility for accurate risk analysis and control. That means the age of accurate risk analysis and control of quarantine hazardous organisms is coming.