利用Y染色体基因分析梅花鹿种公鹿的遗传多样性和父系起源

Genetic Diversity and Paternal Origin of Breeder Sika Deer Based on Y Chromosome Genes

旨在利用Y染色体基因研究梅花鹿种公鹿的遗传多样性和父系起源,为梅花鹿的保种育种工作提供数据支持。对171只双阳、敖东、四平、东丰、兴凯湖、长白山和东大梅花鹿种公鹿Y染色体上的AMELY、DBY、USP9Y、SRY基因的5个片段进行PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行直接测序和生物信息学分析。结果表明,5个基因片段共筛选到8个突变位点,AMELY1、AMELY2、DBY、USP9Y、SRY基因片段分别有3、2、1、1、1个突变位点。利用DNASP5.1软件共定义了10种单倍型,分别为H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10,其中H1是优势单倍型,占梅花鹿种公鹿群体的49.1%,H5和H10为东丰梅花鹿种公鹿独有,H9是最原始的单倍型。171只梅花鹿种公鹿的单倍型多样性为0.696 80,核苷酸多样性为0.000 36。NJ系统进化树和structure群体结构分析结果表明,梅花鹿种公鹿有3个父系类型,分别为Y1、Y2和Y3,除双阳梅花鹿种公鹿和四平梅花鹿种公鹿均来自Y3,其余梅花鹿种公鹿群体均为多父系类型。表明我国梅花鹿种公鹿Y染色体具有较高的单倍型多样性和极低的核苷酸多样性。

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and paternal origin of breeder sika deer by Y chromosome genes,and provide data support for the protection and breeding of sika deer.AMELY,DBY,USP9 Y,SRYgene fragments on Y chromosome of 171 breeder sika deer（Shuangyang,Aodong,Siping,Dongfeng,Xingkaihu,Changbaishan,Dongda breeder sika deer）were amplified by PCR,and the PCR products were sequenced directly and analyzed by bioinformatics.The results showed that 8 SNPs were screened from 5 gene fragments,and AMELY1,AMELY2,DBY,USP9Y,SRYgene fragments had 3,2,1,1,1 mutation sites,respectively.Ten haplotypes（H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6,H7,H8,H9 and H10）were defined by DNASP5.1.H1 was the dominant haplotype,accounting for 49.1% of all breeder sika deer.H5 and H10 were unique to Dongfeng breeder sika deer.H9 was the ancestral haplotype.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of 171 breeder sika deer were 0.696 80 and 0.000 36,respectively.The results of NJ phylogenetic tree and structure population analysis showed that breeder sika deer had 3 paternal types（Y1,Y2 and Y3）.Shuangyang and Siping breeder sika deer had a single paternal type（Y3）,the other 5 breeder sika deer populations had multiple paternal types.The results indicate that Y chromosome of Chinese breeder sika deer have high haplotype diversity and very low nucleotide diversity.