元认知技术对围手术期学龄期患儿的应用研究

Study of application of metacognitive technology in perioperative school-age children

目的探讨元认知技术对围手术期学龄期患儿心理状况的影响，旨在找出一条高效、快捷干预术前患儿心理状况的方法，在有效的时间里调整患儿身心状态，消除其恐惧情绪心理。 方法选取2016年12月至2017年3月行手术治疗的学龄期患儿70例，按照手术顺序不分病种双盲分组法分为试验组和对照组各35例。对照组实行常规的术前、术中、术后护理，试验组在常规护理基础上于术前患儿等候时由专人实施元认知心理干预。比较2组患儿在术前1 d（T1）、术前等候（T2）、麻醉前（T3）和术后第1天（T4）4个时间点恐惧指数的变化。 结果试验组患儿T1、T2、T3、T4时间点恐惧指数依次为7.000、7.929、2.686、0.971；对照组患儿T1、T2、T3、T4时间点恐惧指数依次为6.929、7.543、8.286、3.400。T1、T2时间点2组患儿恐惧指数比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.796、1.627，P〉0.05）；T3、T4时间点试验组患儿恐惧指数显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=298.637、400.463，P〈0.05）。 结论元认知技术能够显著改善围手术期学龄儿童恐惧情绪心理状况，提高患儿对手术的适应性与耐受性。

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of metacognitive technology psychological intervention technology on perioperative school-age children′s psychological condition, designed to find an efficient, fast method to intervene preoperative psychological condition, to eliminate their fear of emotional, coping with stress reaction in the effective time. MethodsA total of 70 cases of school-age children who were treated from December 2016 to March 2017 were selected randomly and divided into the experimental group （35 cases） and the control group （35 cases）. Both groups performed routine preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing, and the experimental group was performed by the special person on the basis of conventional care when waiting for the operation. The changes of the fear index were compared between two groups of patients （T1）, preoperative waiting （T2）, pre-anesthesia （T3） and one day after surgery （T4）. ResultsThe scores of T1, T2, T3 and T4 in the experimental group were 7.000, 7.929, 2.686, 0.971. The scores of T1, T2, T3 and T4 in the control group were 6.929, 7.543, 8.286 and 3.400. There was no significant difference in the fear index between the two groups at time T1 and T2 （t=0.796, 1.627, P〉0.05）. The fear index of T3 and T4 was significantly lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant （t=298.637, 400.463, P〈0.05）. ConclusionsThe metacognitive technique can significantly improve the psychological status of the children in perioperative school age, and improve the adaptability and tolerance of the children.