西江流域土壤砷含量空间变异与污染评价

Spatial Variability and Contamination of Arsenic in Soils of Xijiang River Basin

以广西西江流域为研究区域,采集表层土壤2 585个,采用地统计分析与GIS相结合的方法研究流域内土壤As含量空间变异规律与污染分布.结果表明:西江流域表层土壤As含量为23.82 mg·kg^(-1),高于广西土壤背景值及西江流域自然土壤As含量值,上游(刁江、环江流域)As含量(30.22 mg·kg^(-1))显著高于流域其他区域.土壤As含量:矿区土壤>旱地土壤>自然土壤>水田土壤,矿区土壤As含量显著高于其他类型.As含量高值聚类区集中于刁江流域中上游及大环江流域中下游,南丹北部远离矿区的六寨镇及大、小环江流域上游形成明显的低值聚类区.流域土壤As有明显的空间自相关性,以结构性变异为主,上游As含量由西北向东南递减,流域特征明显,高As含量区沿刁江流域自然分布,流域中下游土壤As含量基本处于0.44~40 mg·kg^(-1)之间;流域土壤样本As总体介于无污染-轻度污染之间,污染在金城江区及南丹县的分布较为突出,这与当地频繁的矿业活动关系密切,建议采取治理措施并加强雨季尾矿库安全排查力度,以保障当地居民的生产与生活质量.

In this study,2 585 soil samples were collected in the Xijiang River Basin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the spatial variability and contamination of Arsenic in soils were evaluated using geostatistical and GIS tools. The results showed that the concentrations of As in surface soils（ 23. 82 mg·kg^（-1）） were higher than the background values of the Guangxi and Xijiang Rivers in natural soils; the upstream values（ Diaojiang River and Huanjiang River）（ 30. 22 mg·kg^（-1）） were significantly higher than those in other regions. Concentrations of As in soil samples were in the order of soil in mining areas soil in dryland natural soil paddy soil.As in mining areas were significantly higher than in other areas; high As concentrations were measured in the upstream of the Diaojiang River basin and the downstream of the Huanjiang River Basin. Low concentration clusters were in the six villages of Nandan,which are far from the mine,and in the upper reaches of the Dahuanjiang River and Xiaohuanjiang River Basin. Spatial autocorrelations of arsenic in the watershed soil were evident and the structural variability was dominant. The concentration of As in the upper reaches decreased from the northwest to the southeast. High As concentrations were distributed naturally along the river basin; concentrations in the middle and lower reaches of the basin were between 0. 44 mg·kg^（-1） and 40 mg·kg^（-1）. The concentration levels of As in total soil samples ranged from no-pollution to slight pollution,and the pollution was mainly distributed in the administrative areas of the city and the intensive areas of mining activities,among which the soil pollution in Jinchengjiang River and Nandan counties was more prominent. Effective measures should be taken to strengthen the safety level of tailings reservoirs during the rainy season,so as to maintain the production levels while protecting living standards of local residents.