粘果山羊草在小麦育种中的初步应用

The Application of Aegilops kotschyi in Wheat Breeding

为了将粘果山羊草的优异农艺性状转移到小麦背景中,本研究用(粘果山羊草/中国春)杂交F1代与普通小麦亲本复交并自交,共获得了42个F4代单株及其衍生的42个F5代株系,并从主要农艺性状、细胞学和高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)等方面对这一批材料进行了研究。研究发现:(1)F5代株系在形态上与普通小麦十分相似,部分株系的分蘖数和条锈病抗性有显著提高,部分株系的千粒重表现出超亲现象;(2)12个F4代植株的细胞学鉴定发现,7个单株的染色体数目与普通小麦不一致,其中1个单株还可能存在不稳定结构变异。这表明部分参试单株存在细胞学不稳定性现象,需要进一步自交纯合和鉴定;(3)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测发现除1株变异株J7-4外,其余材料的HMW-GS组成均和普通小麦亲本一致。本研究为小麦育种提供了一批优异的育种材料。

In order to transfer fine properties of Aegilops kotschyi into wheat, F1 generation of hybrid（Aegilops kotschyi/CS） was crossed with common wheat and self-crossed in this study, and 42 individuals of F4 and 42 lines of F5 were obtained respectively. These individuals were studied from the main agronomic characters,cytology and HMW-GS. The results showed that：（1） F5 strains showed similar morphology to common wheat,the tiller number and stripe resistance of some lines increased significantly, the thousand kernel weight of somelines showed transgressive phenomena;（2） the cytology identification of 12 F4 showed that the chromosomenumbers of seven individuals were different from common wheat, and one of them might have unstablechromosome structure variation, indicating that some plants had cytological instability and needed selfinghomozygosis and identification in the future;（3） HMW-GS showed similarity with the common wheat except amutant J7-4 with SDS-PAGE. This study provided excellent breeding materials for wheat breeding.