奶牛围产期典型代谢特征及其营养调控的技术途径

Typical Metabolic Characteristics and Potential Technical Approaches of Nutritional Regulation in Transition Dairy Cows: A Review

围产期是奶牛泌乳周期中的一个关键阶段,奶牛处于多种营养素的负平衡状态,部分生理代谢功能紊乱,易发多种代谢性及其他疾病,严重威胁奶牛健康和高效生产。因此,奶牛围产期的营养调控已成为研究热点和重点。基于本课题组近年的研究积累,本文以奶牛围产期营养生理过程为理论基础,以机体代谢葡萄糖的精准、高效供应为核心目标,从瘤胃代谢调控、小肠淀粉高效利用和肝脏功能调控3个层次论述了奶牛围产期营养调控的相关进展和技术思路,旨在为相关研究和制订奶业营养对策提供参考。

The negative balances of nutrients usually occur in transition dairy cows, which leads to physiologi- cal dysfunction and incidences of metabolic disorders and other diseases, decreasing the healthy status as well as limiting postpartum lactation performance. Hence, the transition period has been regarded as one of the most important phases in a lactation circle of dairy cows. Moreover, the regulation of nutritional metabolism in tran- sition dairy cows has long been a research focus. Based on the research accumulation of our group in recent years, as well as on the theoretical basis of nutritional physiological process, we discussed the research ad- vances in the nutritional regulation of transition dairy cows, including regulation of rumen metabolism, efficient utilization of intestinal starch and the regulation of liver function in this review. The precise and efficient supply of metabolizable glucose is the core goal in this regulatory system, aiming at providing scientific and technical references for associated studies and dairy practices.