论大数据模式下运动员隐私的保护

On the Protection of Athlete's Privacy in Big Data

通过探讨大数据技术在体育领域内的广泛使用,借助实证研究和规范分析法,揭示运动员的隐私权所面对的威胁,为体育组织保护运动员的隐私提出具体的建议。摄像机、可携带电子跟踪设备,特别是云计算技术的发现以及在体育领域内的应用,严重危及运动员的身体隐私、心理隐私和信息隐私。然而,由于"同意"条款的存在,使运动员的隐私保护存在着很大的法律障碍。此外,传统的隐私理论,即限制访问说和控制说,不仅不能给运动员的信息隐私提供充分的保护,还会将大数据技术产生的新信息排斥在信息隐私之外,这就需要对信息隐私制度进行重构。目前体育组织与运动员在信息和经济上的不对称性,已经导致个人很难保护自己的信息隐私了,再加上个人的信息隐私经常要向社会整体利益做出妥协,所以,具有使信息隐私集体化和客观化的环境标准说,应当成为隐私保护政策的根基。在体育领域内,运动员的个人隐私一方面要求国际体育组织建立独立的隐私保护机构,另一方面,还要创设专门的隐私制度,确认隐私优先权、动态协商以及与之有关的必要性、合理性和公开性等原则。

Through analyzing the extensive use of the technology of big data in the field of sports,using the method of empirical research and normative analysis, this paper reveals the threat that athlete＇s privacy faces, and puts forward specific suggestions of athlete＇s privacy protection for sports organization. The development and application of camera, wearable electronic tracing equipment and Cloud Computing in the field of sports have serious threat to the athlete＇s physical and psychological privacy and informational privacy. However, the traditional theory of privacy, namely restricted access and control theories do not only protect the athletes insufficiently, but also it excludes the information from the privacy. Therefore, the theory of informational privacy should be reconstructed. At the moment, due to the fact that the sport bodies and the athletes is asymmetrical for the information and economic, the individual athlete cannot protect his or her own privacy, and the individual informational privacy should compromise to the social interests, the environmental standard theory may be the base for the privacy policy that makes the informational privacy become the collective and objective right.The policy requires the international bodies to set up the independent institutions to protect the privacy of athletes, on the other hand, it also needs to create the special system, which provides the ＂priority of privacy＂, dynamic consulting machine and the necessary, rational, and public principles.