王小波小说非叙事性话语对鲁迅小说“杂文笔法”的继承及其差异

The Inheritance of Lu Xun's “Essay-writing Style” by Wang Xioabo in the Non-narrative Discourse of His Novels and Their Differences

非叙事性话语作为一种小说形式,在王小波与鲁迅的小说中都曾出现。尽管王小波没有明确说明自己师承鲁迅或受到鲁迅的影响,但是将二者相比较可以发现,非叙事性话语在他们小说中的形式上、功能上具有共性;从小说中非叙事性话语的精神内核来看,他们都具有对人性的关怀,同时,王小波继承了鲁迅关注现实、批判现实、启蒙大众的知识分子责任感,继承了鲁迅勇于挑战权威的革命精神。从文体观、启蒙立场与所处文化场域的比较来看,二者又具有显著的差异。文章通过比较王小波与鲁迅小说中的非叙事性话语,更加肯定鲁迅在中国现代文学史上的不朽地位,同时,王小波小说中的非叙事性话语对历史与现实深刻的反思、理性的批判,以及对于自由、有趣、理性等常识性的启蒙,同样具有不可磨灭的时代意义。

As a form of fiction, the non-narrative discourse has appeared both in Wang Xiaobo＇ s and Lu Xun＇ s novels. Although Wang Xiaobo did not clearly state that he was a disciple of or influenced by Lu Xun, com- paring both of them, we can find that the non-narrative discourse in their novels have similarities in form and func- tion. From the spiritual core of non-narrative discourse in the novel, they both have the humanistic concern, and meanwhile Wang Xiaobo has inherited Lu Xun＇ s intellectual responsibility of focusing on reality, criticizing reality and enlightening the masses and has inherited the revolutionary spirit of Lu Xun＇ s courage to challenge the authori- ty. From the perspective of the style, enlightenment and the cultural field, there are significant differences between them. A comparison of the non-narrative discourse in Wang Xiaobo＇ s and Lu Xun＇ s novels can affirm Lu Xun＇ s immortal position in the history of modern Chinese literature. Meanwhile, the non-narrative discourse in Wang Xiaobo＇ s novels is also of indelible epochal significance for its profound reflections on and rational criticism of reality as well as its enlightenment of common sense on freedom, fun, and rationality.