论中国“天下观”与西方“世界主义”

On the “World View” in China and “Cosmopolitanism” in the West

中国"天下观"是古代中国人的一种独特世界观,蕴含着"天下大同","协和万邦"的构想,在发展过程中与作为观念形态的尊君主义相互融合贯通,形成了中国独有的"大一统"和"夷夏"观念,最终形成了一个较为完备的"天下体系"理论,构成了中国政治思想的重要理论基础。与之不同的是,发源于"世界主义"的西方普世价值却强调个体对世界共同体所负有的义务和责任,并旗帜鲜明地要求建立一种保障普遍人权和世界正义的社会秩序。其中蕴含着以竞争为本位的文化基因。

The ＂world view＂ in China is a unique world concept of ancient Chinese people, which contains the idea of ＂unity＂ and ＂harmony＂. In the process of its development, the ＂world view＂ interconnected with the ideology of venerating the emperor, thus forming the Chinese unique concept of ＂grand unification＂ and the su- premacy of the Han nationality＂, which ended up becoming a relatively complete theory of the ＂world system＂ and constituting the important theoretical basis of Chinese political ideology. In contrast, the Western universal values originating from ＂cosmopolitanism＂ emphasize individuals＇ obligations and responsibilities for the world communi- ty, and clearly demands for the establishment of a social order to safeguard universal human rights and world jus- tice, which contains the cultural gene based on competition.