民国时期云南桉树的推广与生态效应

On the Planting Popularization and Ecological Effect of Eucalypti in Yunnan during the Period of Republic of China

云南的桉树种植始于清末民国时期。经过初步推广、扩大推广和由试验转为造林三个阶段,云南的桉树种植得到发展,并呈现出种植区域"大分散,小集中"、推广主体和栽种参与者分工明晰等特点。由于当时种植数量和面积相对较少,且受生长期限制,桉树主要被用于绿化,在一定程度上改善了当时的人居环境和自然环境,并未对本土物种及生态环境产生较大的冲击和破坏。

The planting of Eucalypti in Yunnan began in late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After three stages of initial facilitation, further popularization and transformation from experiment to forestation,eucalyptus planting in Yunnan had begun to develop, featuring "decentralization at large scale, but concentration at small scale" in the planting area, and the clear task division between the facilitation staff and the planting participants. Because the number of the trees and the area of planting were both relatively small, and the growth period was limited, Eucalypti were mainly used for greening, which to a certain extent improved the living and natural environment at that time while having no rather harmful impact on the native species and the ecological environment.