冬春季夜间增温对冬小麦植株氮代谢和籽粒蛋白质形成的影响

Effect of Night Warming in Winter and Spring Seasons on Plant Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Protein Formation in Winter Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

为明确非对称性增温对小麦籽粒品质的影响及其机理,以不同品质类型的扬麦13(弱筋)和烟农19(中筋)为材料,采用大田模拟增温的方法研究了冬春季夜间增温对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的影响及其与植株氮代谢的关系。结果表明,冬季增温(WT)、春季增温(ST)及冬春季持续增温(WST)均不同程度地提高了冬小麦籽粒蛋白质、麦谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)、高分子量和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基含量,且均以WST处理效应最大。同时,各增温处理对籽粒谷蛋白含量的提高幅度最大,并提高了谷醇比。各夜间增温处理均增加了开花期旗叶面积,提高了氮含量,增强了孕穗至花后21d旗叶的硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,说明夜间增温促进了叶片生长,增强了植株氮素同化能力。夜间增温处理显著提高了小麦植株氮素积累量及贮存氮素转运量,从而增加了氮素向籽粒的分配,促进了籽粒蛋白质合成。因此,冬春季夜间增温提高了小麦氮素吸收同化能力及氮素在籽粒中的分配比例,从而提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,且冬春季持续增温对籽粒蛋白质形成有更大的促进效应。

In order to elucidate the effects and the regulation mechanism of asymmetric warming on protein formation and provide a reference for guaranteeing high yield wheat with good quality, field ex- periments with simulated warming were conducted using two different types of winter wheat culti- vars,Yangmai13 （weak-gluten） and Yannongl9 （middle-gluten） to investigate the impacts of night warming in winter and spring season on grain protein formation and its relationship with nitrogen me- tabolism. The results showed that winter night warming treatment（WT）, spring night warming treat- ment（ST） and winter and spring night warming treatment（WST） increased the content of protein, glutenin macropolymers（GMP） ,high molecular weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GS） and low molecu- lar weight gluten subunits（LMW-GS） with the order of WST^WT^ST. The effect of night war- ming on raising the content of glutenin was greater,which also increased the ratio of Glu to Gli. Night warming in winter and spring season increased the flag leaf area and nitrogen content at anthesis,ac-tivity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in flag leaves from 10 to 21 DAA and activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase in grains within 21 days after anthesis. These results indicated that night warming enhanced the growth of source organ and strengthen the capacity of nitrogen assimila- tion. Night warming remarkably increased the pre- and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation, the stored nitrogen translocation and grain nitrogen distribution, which could promote the synthesis of protein. Thus,it was concluded that night warming both in winter and spring seasons could increase grain protein content through promoting nitrogen uptake and assimilation as well as facilitating its al- location to grain. In addition, the effects of winter and spring night warming treatments on protein formation were higher than those of winter night warming（WT） and spring night warming（ST）.