山东省小麦土传花叶病毒病的分布与病原鉴定

Distribution and Pathogen Identification of Wheat Soil-Borne Mosaic Virus Disease in Shandong Province

小麦土传花叶病毒病是侵染小麦的一种重要病害,该病害病原有多个病毒种类,主要为小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)和中国小麦花叶病毒(CWMV),由禾谷多黏菌以持久性方式传播为害。为明确该病害在山东的最新分布状况,于2013-2016年采用田间调查,结合dot-ELISA和RT-PCR检测等方法对小麦土传花叶病毒病进行了研究。结果表明,小麦土传花叶病毒病主要分布在鲁南地区,而鲁中、鲁东、鲁北等为零星发生区。WYMV主要分布在临沂、济宁、泰安和枣庄等地;CWMV主要分布在烟台、威海、青岛、临沂和德州等地;烟台、威海、青岛、临沂为两种病毒的混发区。对CWMV主要分布区域(文登、荣成、胶州、莒南、平原、沂水、福山)的CWMV的CP基因进行系统进化聚类分析发现,CWMV的CP基因同源性为94.7%~98.3%,在进化树中聚类为两组,其中,平原、文登、福山和莒南分离物与日本分离物(登录号:AB299272.1)亲缘关系较近,沂水、荣成和胶州分离物与江苏大丰分离物(登录号:EF121374.1)亲缘关系较近。

Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus disease is one of the most important problems threating winter wheat. The causal pathogen of the disease includes multi species of virus, of which wheat yellow mo saic virus（WYMV） and Chinese wheat mosaic virus（CWMV） are major. It was spread by Po/yrnyJ agrarninis L. in a persistent manner. In order to determine current status of distribution of the dis- ease, based on field surveys, suspected diseased wheat samples were collected from Shandong prov- ince from 2013 to 2016 and detected by dot ELISA（dot-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay） and RT- PCR. The results showed that wheat soil-borne virus disease mainly distributed in the south of Shan- dong province but sporadically occurred in the center, the east and the north of Shandong province. WYMV was detected in samples collected from Linyi, Jining, Taian and Zaozhuang. CWMV were de tected in samples collected from Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao, Linyi and Dezhou. Both WYMV and CWMV were detected in samples collected from Yantai, Weihai, Qingdao and IAnyi. We analysed the coat protein（CP） gene sequence of CWMV, and constructed the phylogenetic tree. The results indicated that homology of CP gene of CWMV strains was from 94.7% to 98.3%, of which strains sampled from Pingyuan, Wendeng, Fushan and Junan had a closer phylogenetic relationship with that of Japan （accession no. AB299272. 1）. Strains sampled from Yishui, Rongcheng and Jiaozhou represented a closer relationship with that of Jiangsu（accession no. EF121374.1）. Our results, in the present study, provided reference for the reasonable layout of wheat variety cultivation.