氮素形态配比对玉米氮素积累及转运的影响

Effects of Different Forms and Ratios of Nitrogen on Nutrient Accumulation and Transfer of Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges and Planting in Catchment Furrows of Maize

通过田间试验,研究6种（N1～N6）硝态氮与铵态氮配比处理对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米植株氮素积累、转运、氮素利用及子粒产量的影响。结果表明,单施硝态氮时玉米的养分吸收、氮素利用及产量均最低。N6（硝态氮与铵态氮3∶1配比）处理下玉米全生育期氮素积累量最高,氮素吸收强度较单施硝态氮处理高55.19%～73.28%（P〈0.05）,该处理下叶片和茎中氮素转移量较单施硝态氮处理高78.99%和93.52%（P〈0.05）;叶片和茎中分别有66.50%～71.89%和43.44%～55.59%的氮素转移到子粒中;叶片和茎对子粒的氮素贡献率分别较单施硝态氮处理高43.80%和56.00%（P〈0.05）;玉米子粒产量、氮素吸收效率及氮肥偏生产力较其他处理显著增加3.31%～9.94%、4.62%～33.89%和3.31%～9.93%。硝态氮和铵态氮配施对玉米的养分吸收有明显的促进作用,提高硝态氮的施用比例有利于提高玉米叶片和茎对子粒氮素的贡献率,硝态氮与铵态氮按3∶1比例配施有利于提高当地玉米子粒产量。

By the field experiment to study the 1∶0（N1）, 1∶1（N2）, 1∶2（N3）, 1∶3（N4）, 2∶1（N5）, 3∶1（N6） sixkinds of NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N ratios influence on nitrogen accumulation, transfer, nitrogen utilization and yield ofwhole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of maize. The results showed thatthe nutrient uptake, nitrogen utilization and yield of maize were the lowest under the treatment of applying nitratefertilizer alone. In the whole growth period, nitrogen accumulation was the highest under N6 treatment, and the N up-take intensity increased by 55.19%-73.28% that under N1（P0.05）; Under N6 treatment, nitrogen translocation fromleaves and stems increased by 78.99% and 93.52% that under N1（P0.05）; Nitrogen in leaves and stems were trans-ferred to grain, which had66.50%-71.89% and 43.44%-55.59%. Also in the treatment of N6 treat, the nitrogen con-tribution rate of leaves and stems was higher 43.80% and 56% than that of N1（P0.05）; Maize grain yield, nitrogenuptake efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly increased by 3.31%-9.94%, 4.62%-33.89%and 3.31%-9.93%, respectively. It explained that mixed supply of NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N significantly promoted thenutrient uptake of maize. Increasing the proportion of nitrate fertilizer improved the contribution rate of maize leafand stem to grain nitrogen. The ratio of NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N according to 3∶1（N6 treatment） was the ideal proportionof maize nitrogen application, which is beneficial to increase the yield of maize.