论宋代士大夫群体意识的时代特征

On Time Feature of Scholar-Bureaucrats' Group Consciousness in Song Dynasty

受时代变迁和社会环境的影响,宋代士大夫群体意识呈现出鲜明的时代特征。一方面,他们自觉践履着儒学所规定的"仕以行道"的士道精神,"致君尧舜"和以天下为己任的政治主体意识得到空前强化;另一方面,他们在经纶天下、积极入世的同时又背礼叛教,世俗享乐意识得到普遍的张扬和发展;同时将以洒脱闲散为旨趣的隐逸文化以及琴棋书画等品性涵养作为调节内心情感平衡、寻求心灵解脱的重要手段和生活方式,凸显出一种自省内敛、沉潜向内的审美趣味。宋代士大夫颇具时代特色的群体意识对宋代社会的历史文化风貌及后世社会产生深刻的影响。

As a result of the impact of the vicissitude of the times and social environments, group consciousness of the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty bears a distinctive time particularity. On the one hand, Scholar- bureaucrats in Song Dynasty consciously practice the spirit of ＂practicing orthodoxy as an official＂ and political subject consciousness of ＂addressing to monarch Yao and Shun＂ is strengthened unprecedentedly. On the other hand, they betrayed moral codes when going into the society actively and secular hedonism is generally publicized and developed. Besides, they desire seclusion culture which centered on a free and easy and are immersed in music, chess, calligraphy and painting to seek an relief. And there is an introspective and introverted aesthetic taste in their lifestyles. Scholar-bureaucrats＇ group consciousness of that era has a profound impact on history and culture in Song Dynasty and the late history.