水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复研究进展

Research progress of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice(Oryza sativa)

植物细胞质雄性不育(CMS)是广泛存在于自然界中的现象,主要表现为不能产生有功能的花粉从而导致不能正常受精结实的自然现象。CMS的起因源于受植物细胞质基因的影响表现出雄性不育的特征,目前研究表明为线粒体的基因引起的雄性不育。相应地,细胞核中存在某类基因能够编码一种蛋白使其育性得以恢复,这一类基因称为育性恢复基因(Rf genes)。杂交水稻的生产依赖于CMS的发掘和利用,并且这也是农作物增产的一条有效途径。迄今为止,水稻中CMS和育性恢复的相关研究较多,机理阐述相对比较深入,本文主要介绍水稻CMS及育性恢复基因的研究及CMS和育性恢复机理的最新研究进展,希望能为揭示水稻CMS与育性恢复机制以及其他作物的CMS/Rf研究提供参考,为新型杂交水稻的培育提供新思路。

Cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS） is a widespread phenomenon in plants. It is mainly characterized by the absence of functional pollen resulting in abnormal fertilization and fruiting. CMS is caused by cytoplasmic genes in plants that exhibit male sterility. Recent studies have shown male sterility caused by CMS genes are genetically bound to mitochondria. Accordingly, genes in the nucleus are present to encode a protein which restores pollen sterility, and these genes are known as fertility restorer genes（Rf genes）. Furthermore, the production of hybrid rice depends on the discovery and utilization of CMS and it is also an effective way to increase crop production. So far, the mechanism of CMS and fertility restoration were uncovered deeply in rice. This paper mainly introduces the progress of rice CMS genes and the mechanisms of CMS and fertility restoration, which may be provide a reference for revealing CMS and fertility restoration mechanism of other crops, and new ideas for the cultivation of hybrid rice.