国家制度、行业制度密集度与出口比较优势

National Institutions, Industrial Institutional Intensity and Comparative Advantage of Exports

本文利用世界各国的贸易数据和制度数据,实证检验了制度对出口比较优势及其动态变化的影响。实证结果表明:由于行业本身存在制度密集度,国家制度会对显示性比较优势同时产生正向和负向影响;对于给定的行业,一国的制度越好,那么其在该行业上的显示性比较优势就越强;但同时国家制度水平与行业制度密集度之间的差异会对比较优势产生负向影响,即差异越大,那么该国在该行业上的显示性比较优势就越弱;在微观产品层面,制度对显示性比较优势的动态变化也产生类似的影响;国家制度越好,上一年度该国比较劣势产品在下一年度转化为比较优势产品的可能性就越大;国家制度与产品制度密集度之间的差异越大,上一年度该国比较劣势产品在下一年度转化为比较优势产品的可能性就越小。

This paper studied the impact of institutions on the comparative advantage of exports, using national export data and institutional data around the world. The empirical results are as follows. First, due to the existence of industrial institutional intensity, national institutions have positive effects and negative effects on the revealed comparative advantage; For a given industry, the better the institutions of a country are, the stronger its revealed comparative advantage is;Nevertheless, the difference between the level of national institutions and the industrial institutional intensity weakens this comparative advantage — the bigger the difference between the national institutions and the industrial institutional intensity is, the weaker its revealed comparative advantage in the industry is. Second, on the level of micro-products, national institutions affect the dynamics of the revealed comparative advantage similarly： The better the institutions of a country are, the greater likelihood its revealed comparative disadvantage on one product changing into revealed comparative advantage is; The bigger the difference between the national institutions and the product＇s institutional intensity is, the smaller likelihood its revealed comparative disadvantage of the industry changing into revealed comparative advantage is.