公共培训和私人培训效应的比较分析

An Analysis of Comparing the Treatment Effect of Public Employment Training with that of Private Training

加强就业培训、提高劳动者素质,是目前深化供给侧结构性改革的一项重要内容。文章采用微观问卷调查数据,使用倾向得分匹配法比较了中国城镇居民参与公共就业培训和私人就业培训的经济效应。研究结果显示,消除自选择偏差后公共培训和私人培训总体均有效,公共培训能显著提高个体就业概率,但仅实现了培训的"初级目标",工资效应不显著的原因在于参与者集中就业于政府提供的临时性公共岗位;私人培训能显著提高个体工资,实现了培训的"终极目标",但高的个人回报率也表明市场存在严重的供给不足。文章建议政府一方面进一步加大公共培训投资力度,努力提高培训质量,另一方面积极鼓励私人培训,对私人培训投资进行适当资助。

Improving job-oriented training and enhancing the quality of labor force is one of the significant parts in the supply-side structural reform in China.Based on data from micro-questionnaire survey,this paper compares the treatment effect of public employment training with that of private training by using the method of Propensity Score Matching(PSM).Research results show that after eliminating selection bias both public training and private training are efficient.Public training can increase significantly the employment probability but it attains only primary goals.The reason of non-significant Wage effect is people concentrating on temporal public jobs which is provided by government.Private training can significantly increase the average wage,which achieves its key goals.However,high rate of return also indicates serious insufficient supply in the labor market.The paper suggests that the government should further increase investment in public employment training and improve its quality,and also encourage and subsidize private training appropriately.