印度海外劳工社会保障权益国际协调的实践与启示

Basic Practice and Implications of the International Coordination of the Social Security Rights and Interests of Indian Overseas Workers

随着劳动力的跨国流动日趋常态化,海外劳工社会保障权益保护问题日益凸显。文章重点介绍了印度在海外劳工社会保障权益国际协调领域的主要实践和成功经验。印度政府通过利用庞大的国内消费市场和巨大的投资空间作为利益杠杆,修订社会保障法律将外籍劳动者强制纳入本国社会保障制度等措施,成功地与许多发达国家和地区缔结了社会保障双边协定,不仅有效维护了众多海外劳工的社会保障权益,而且增强了跨国企业的国际竞争力,也拓展了劳动者的境外就业空间。中国与印度同为全球重要的劳务输出国,印度推动海外劳工社会保障权益国际协调的实践经验值得中国研究与借鉴。

As transnational flow of labor is becoming more and more normal,it is imcreasingly prominent to protect the social security rights and interests of overseas workers.This paper focuses on the main practice and successful experience of international coordination of the social security rights and interests of Indian overseas workers.The government of India has taken some measures such as the use of huge domestic consumer markets and investment space as interest leverage and the amendment of social security laws to force foreign workers into its social security system,and by doing so India has successfully concluded and signed bilateral social security agreements with many developed countries(regions).It has not only effectively safeguarded the social security rights and interests of many overseas workers,but also enhanced the international competitiveness of the transnational enterprises and expanded the overseas employment space for laborers.China and India are both the largest exporters of overseas labor in the world,therefore,the practical experience of India in promoting international coordination of the social security rights and interests of overseas workers is worthy of our careful study and reference.