基于遗传算法建筑高度的优化求解

Optimized Solution for Calculating Building Height Based on Genetic Algorithm

随着我国经济与现代化技术的发展,高层建筑规模和数量快速的增长,人们对高质量居住环境的要求越来越高.以往涉及有关日照方面的建筑优化设计问题,存在计算规则和方法过于复杂,数据精度无法保证以及操作性差等问题.因此,采取更有效的方法对建筑日照进行分析与建筑高度的优化设计势在必行.遗传算法与传统的优化方法相比较,以生物进化为原型,具有很好的收敛性,计算时间少,鲁棒性高等优点,广泛地应用在建筑优化设计方面.鉴于此,本文提出一种基于遗传算法的日照约束下建筑高度的优化求解方法.该方法首先将有效时间划分若干个时间切片,基于窗口日照分析确定被遮挡窗口的数量,进一步将拟建建筑区域分割为与时间切片等量的方格,并向上拉伸为遮挡小柱,基于小柱棒影和小柱到窗体距离之间的关系,计算窗口日照累计时间;然后,基于窗口最小日照时间的约束,构建拟建建筑高度最佳值的数学模型;最后,针对该数学模型,设计交叉和变异操作,并增加评价操作,求解最佳建筑高度.实验结果表明,所提方法能够自动求解拟建建筑的高度最优值,并能够准确获得被遮挡窗口的日照累计时间.本文方法还可以在建筑申报以前就计算出该地块的建筑最佳高度,从而计算出该地块最大能开发出的建筑面积,为审批人员批准建筑申报提供了依据,为建筑结构优化设计提供一种有效帮助.

With the development of economic and modern technology, the high-rise building size and number are rapidly growing, the people requirement of high quality living environment becoming more and more highly. However, the traditional construction optimization design problems about sunlight constraints were that calculation rules and methods were complicated, and data accuracy could not be guaranteed, and poor operational. Therefore, it is necessary to implemone more effective methods which can analyze architectural sunshine and the optimal design of the building height. Compared with the traditional optimization method, genetic algorithm with biological evolution as the biological prototype, has a good convergence, less computing time, and high robustness, etc., which was widely applied to the optimization design. So,this paper proposed a new optimized solution for calculating building height based on genetic algorithm. Firstly, the valid time would be divided several valid time section, and the number of obscured window was determined based on the window of sunshine analysis; further, building area were divided into grids with the same amount of the time slice. The grids were stretched up, and the windows＇ total sunshine time was calculated based on the small pillars＇ shadow and the relationship between the distance of the small pillars and the obscured building. Then, the mathematical model of the building optimal height was built based on windows＇ minimum sunshine time constraint. Finally, the mathematical model was solved based on genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method could get a best height value automatically and the precise sunlight time. The proposed method can also calculate building height and biggest building area before