不同海拔地区藏鸡生理生化指标的研究

A Study on the Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Tibetan Chickens in Different Altitude Areas

为了探究藏鸡对高海拔生态环境的遗传适应性,通过测定血液生理、生化指标比较高海拔藏鸡与低海拔藏鸡的差别。以西藏(海拔3 800 m)藏鸡、四川省甘孜州康定县姑咱镇(海拔2 700 m)藏鸡(以下称甘孜州藏鸡)、成都彭州美丽田园农业有限公司养殖的藏鸡(是由生长于海拔高度为3 800 m处的西藏藏鸡经过9年的选育而来,以下称低海拔藏鸡)血液生理、生化指标进行检测对比,并对结果进行统计分析。结果表明:西藏藏鸡红细胞数(RBC)、血液中血红蛋白浓度(HGB)及平均红细胞体积(MCV)均高于甘孜州藏鸡,甘孜州藏鸡又高于低海拔藏鸡,该3种指标呈现出随海拔高度升高而升高的趋势。西藏藏鸡平均血红蛋白量(MCH)及红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)低于甘孜州藏鸡,甘孜州藏鸡又低于低海拔藏鸡,该2种指标呈现出随海拔高度升高而降低的趋势。红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)呈现出随海拔高度升高而加大的趋势。西藏藏鸡的血液总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖和总胆固醇含量均高于甘孜州藏鸡和低海拔藏鸡,且差异极显著(P<0.01)。甘孜州藏鸡血液中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)均极显著高于低海拔藏鸡(P<0.01)。同时该研究结果显示,由于海拔高度的变化,生长于3 800 m处的西藏藏鸡在1 000 m海拔的环境条件下经过9年的选育与培育其红细胞数(RBC)、血液中血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)及平均血红蛋白量(MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)等生理指标以及总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TC)等生化指标均发生了极显著(P<0.01)的变化,说明这些指标与藏鸡在高海拔缺氧条件下的适应性密切相关。

In order to explore the hereditary adaptability of high altitude ecological environment of Tibetan chickens, this study compared the difference among Tibetan chickens from different areas （Tibet, Ganzi, and low altitude area）,The blood RBC, HGB, and MCV levels were higher in Tibetan chickens in Tibet than those in Ganzi （P〈0.05）,meanwhile the RBC, HGB, and MCV concentrations were greater in Tibetan chicken in Ganzi than that in low altitude area （P〈0.05）. Tibetan chickens in low altitude area had the highest MCH and MCHC levels among three kinds of Tibetan chicken （P〈O.05）,these criteria were decreased in the Tibetan chickens in Tibet compared with those in Ganzi （P〈0.05）. There was an increasing trend in the RDW-SD in Tibetan chickens as the altitude increased. The Tibetan chickens in high altitude area had greater blood total protein,albumin,globulin, glucose and total cholesterol concentrations than those in low altitude area （P〈0.01）.The concentrations of triglyceride,total cholesterol,and alkaline phosphatase were greater in Tibetan chickens in Ganzi than those in low altitude area （P〈0.01）.In conclusion,the Tibetan chickens living in 3 800 m altitude and 1 000 m altitude after 9 years of cultivation have great difference in physiological and biochemical indicators such as RBC, HGB, MCV, RDW-SD, MCH, MCHC, TP, ALB, GLO, GLU, and TC.