制图理论背景下汉语特指疑问句中话题与焦点的分布

On the Distribution of Topics and Foci in Mandarin wh-question:A Cartographic Solution

制图理论是从功能范畴上对短语的结构构型进行研究。在汉语特指问句中存在不同类型的话题和焦点。左缘结构上的话题包括整体—部分话题、悬挂话题以及左移位话题。其中整体—部分话题和悬挂话题属于基础生成的话题,左移位话题属于非基础生成话题。汉语特指疑问句中焦点分为两种形式,即,"‘是’+原位疑问词"、"‘是’+前置的疑问词"。其中,"‘是’+原位疑问词"类型属于基础生成焦点,"‘是’+前置的疑问词"类型属于非基础生成焦点。从话题与焦点在特指问句中的分布来看,话题位置高于焦点位置,基础生成的话题要高于非基础生成的话题,基础生成的焦点要高于非基础生成的焦点。

The Cartographic Approach aims to study the functional phrase structures.The mandarin whquestions distribute types of topics and foci.In left periphery,topics are classified as part-whole topic,hanging topic and left dislocated topic in which whole-part topic and hanging topic are defined as basegenerated topic whereas left dislocated topic is considered as non-base-generated one.In mandarin whquestions the foci are divided into two types： ＂ SHI＋ wh-in-situ phrase＂ and ＂ SHI＋ preposed whphrase＂.The type of ＂ SHI＋ wh-in-situ phrase＂ is base-generated focus where type of ＂ SHI＋ preposed wh-phrase＂ question is non-base-generated focus.More specifically,the syntactic position of topic is higher than focus,the base-generated topic is higher than non-base-generated topic and the position of non-base-generated focus is lower than base-generated focus.