我国多省市“限制妇女堕胎”规定的合宪性探究——兼议生育权的宪法保护

Constitutionality Research on Restricting Abortion in the Local Legislations of China——With Discussion on the Constitutional Protection of Reproductive Right

我国地方十省市制定地方性法规或规章限制妊娠14周以上的妇女堕胎,力求缓解出生人口的性别比例失调。立法涉及的妇女堕胎行为,性质上属于生育权范畴,通过宪法人权条款的价值辐射,落入《宪法》第37条之人身自由条款进行保护。从宪法角度看,这些地方立法形式上违反法律保留原则,实质上不符合比例原则,并涉嫌违反宪法平等权及婚姻家庭制度受保障条款,理应废止。地方立法的荒诞源于这样一种立法逻辑：在宪法计划生育义务指引下,妇女生育的义务性高于权利性从而使生育沦为立法工具,忽视了人的生育是最基本的人格尊严。实质上,计划生育义务条款是将义务限制在一定的范围内,和宪法的人权保障取向并不矛盾,宪法既要实现计划生育义务,也要保障公民生育权。

In order to lower the gender ratio at birth, the local legislations in l0 provinces and cites lim- it the women who have conceived over 14 weeks to have an abortion. The abortion that involved in the legisla- tion belongs to the category of bearing right in nature. And it is protected by the 37th provision of the Consti- tution, personal freedom provision, through the value radiation of the constitutional human right provisions. From the perspective of the Constitution, those provincial laws should be abolished because they violate the principle of legal reservation in essence, do not conform to the principle of proportionality in essence and al- lege violations of the constitutional rights of equality and marriage and family system protection clauses. The absurdity of local legislation derives from such a logic ： under the guidance of the obligations of birth control, woman＇s reproductive obligation is higher than reproductive right, which causes fertility a tool of legislation and neglects that fertility is the basic dignity of character. In fact, the birth control obligation provision is to limit the obligations in a certain range, it is not contradictory to constitutional human rights protection. Con- stitutional Law should not only realize the obligation of birth control, but also protect citizens＇ birth right.