碳排放交易的再审视:全球、区域和自愿的兼容模式——以美国退出《巴黎协定》为切入点

Review of the Carbon Emissions Trading Model:Compatibility on a Global,Regional and Voluntary Basis——The United States' Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement as a Breakthrough Point

空气所具有的均质性、全球流动性等特性决定了气候问题解决的国际性。以全球性国际条约为核心的碳排放交易模式是解决气候问题的最佳方式。但《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔结以来的历次气候变化谈判及各国的履约实践表明全球性国际条约模式具有边际收益递减效应。在美国退出《巴黎协定》后,有必要重新对碳排放交易模式进行审视。碳排放交易必将由单一的全球性国际条约模式转向国际条约模式、区域治理模式、自愿治理模式兼容共存;由于区域国家在减排成本、经济实力、技术能力等方面存在类似性及企业环境社会责任的影响,区域治理模式和自愿治理模式必将成为全球性国际条约模式的有效补充。

The air has the Characteristic of heterogeneity and global liquidity. As the problem of climate has proved to be a scientific fact and an international problem, the mode of international treaty became the main way to solve the issue. However, Copenhagen Agreement fully indicates that all parties only reach the lowest consensus to define a channel way for future negotiations in the case that substantive commitment of Kyoto Protocol cannot reach an agreement. This shows that the mode of international treaty has started diminishing marginal benefit. It is necessary to re-examine the model of carbon emissions trading since the United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement. Due to the regional countries have similar effects on the environmental social responsibility of enterprises in cost reduction and economic strength and technical ability, the mode of regional governance and voluntary governance will effectively complement the mode of global international treaty.