东北地区资源型城市转型过程中社会——经济——环境协调演化特征

Coordination of the "economy-society-environment" triad in the transition development of resource: Based cities in Northeast China

借鉴协调发展相关理论,构建综合评价资源型城市社会、经济和环境转型的指标体系,利用面板数据回归模型测算2000-2014年系统内各要素对资源型城市协调转型的作用,对东北地区资源型城市转型以来协调发展的时空格局进行分析。研究发现:(1)东北地区资源型城市转型协调水平呈现波动式缓慢上升的走势,共出现四次较大幅度的波动,空间上差异性先减弱后加剧,协调程度较高的地区主要集中在辽宁省南部,失调城市分布在黑龙江省北部边缘地区,无论是协调度水平变化或是空间分布上这种"两极"分化的趋势越来越明显。(2)东北地区资源型城市协调转型发展总体水平不高,从划分类型看,协调发展型城市在社会—经济—环境各方面作用力均衡较好,对社会服务设施完善等方面投入强于发展调和型城市和失调衰退型城市,钢铁型城市协调转型水平强于石油型城市和冶金型城市,森工型城市表现最弱。(3)第三产业发展、教育、技术、非国营经济、生产生活环境等因素对协调转型的促进作用显著,但历史遗留问题、产业结构升级等仍待进一步解决,同时也对实践创新、体制机制改革提出了高要求。

This article examines the coordinating rules of economy, society, and environment of resource-based cities during the process of transition development. The study constructs indicators for the economy, society, and environment based on the coordinated development theory with referring data. The spatio-temporal pattern and the effects of economic, social, and environmental factors are examined at the city level in resource-based cities in Northeast China from 2000 to 2014. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows： （1） The coordinated level of the ＂economy-society-environment＂ triad increases slowly in four stages with cyclical volatility. The spatial pattern appears to be unbalanced with the high-level coordinated cities located in the south of Liaoning province and the low-level coordinated cities mostly situated in the north of Heilongjiang province. （2） Three types of cities can be identified according to their coordinating level. The first type consists of cities with the highest score in society transition development; they contribute to the economy, society, and environment systems equally. The second type are cities that usually invest less in both social and environmental development. The third type, which includes most forest cities, obtained the lowest score with the social development far below the other two types. （3） The development of a service industry, education level, and technology were found to make significant contributions to the coordinated development during the transition process in resource-based cities; however, heavy industry was not found to be as effective as other factors. Overall, transition development in resource-based cities demands higher standards in this new period with historical problems still needing to be solved.