居住空间视角下多民族聚居城市民族融合格局演变及影响因素分析——以呼和浩特为例

The evolution of ethnic integration patterns and their influencing factors in multi-ethnic cities from the perspective of residential space: A case study from Hohhot

居住融合是社会群体混合分布程度的表现,对认识城市内部民族融合结构和互动关系具有重要的意义。以典型多民族聚居城市呼和浩特市为例,基于2000-2015年人口统计数据,采用融合指数法和反距离加权插值法,分析居住融合在城市、市辖区和街区三个尺度的演变过程,并运用双变量相关分析和多元线性回归模型,从城市居民的个体属性方面考察对居住融合的影响作用。分析结果表明,呼和浩特城市内部少数民族同汉族之间的混居程度持续加深,居住空间视角下的民族融合程度逐渐强化;居住融合程度最高的区域集中在汉族长期居住的玉泉区,随着时间推移,融合程度最高区域快速向整个市区扩散,居住融合空间向均匀化方向发展;城市中心区域存在三个点状分布的教育型和生活型民族聚居街区,但两类街区融合指数在考察期内上升趋势显著;个体属性中的年龄、性别、婚姻、教育、家庭、户籍、职业等要素对呼和浩特城市内部民族间居住融合具有显著影响。

Residential integration is the spatial embodiment of the ethnic integration of the city. The study of residential integration is beneficial to quantitative and systematic analysis of the degree of urban internal integration. It is of great significance to get a better understanding of the structure and interactive relationships of ethnic integration. Using the typical multi-ethnic city of Hohhot as an example, based on demographic data from 2000 to 2015, this study uses the integration index and inverse distance weighted interpolation method to explore the process of residential integration in Hohhot. Three dimensions of integration were used： city, municipal districts, and blocks. Using double variable correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models, this paper examines the influence of urban residents＇ individual attributes on residential integration. The results show that： （1） Hohhot, as a representative, typical, multi-ethnic city in China, shows a high degree of residential integration. （2） There was a rising trend of fluctuations in the degree of residential integration in Saihan and Xincheng districts, and a smaller increase in the level of residential integration in Huimin District; the regional residential integration is highly focused on Yuquan district, which has been largely inhabited by Han Chinese for many decades. Over time, the areas with high residential integration have spread quickly to the whole city, and living space has become increasingly homogenized. There are three ethnic residential blocks in the city＇s central area, but their integration index has increased significantly. （3） The dynamic mechanism of residential integration includes five aspects： cultural motivation, historical continuity, policy dynamics, urbanization influence, and individual factors. Cultural motivation and historical continuity are the basis of residential integration. Policy dynamics, urbanization influence, and individual factors are the direct driving forces. （4） Residential integration is closely related to individual attributes such as age, gender, marriage, education, family, and occupation.