《周官》“六代大舞”说考辨

A Textual Research on Music Dance in the Six Eras of Officers of the Zhou Dynasty

《周官·春官·大司乐》有《云门》《大卷》《大咸》《大韶》《大夏》《大濩》《大武》等乐舞名,而未提及其所属年代。郑玄以之与黄帝以下六代之王对应,经后世经师附会,殆成定说。然所谓"六代大舞",乃是采缀《乐纬》《元命包》而成;周代乐舞,不过《韶》《夏》《赉》《武》,而以文舞(籥舞)、武舞(干舞)为主体;《周官》"大舞""小舞"说为虚拟;以《云门》等祭天地四方百神、特祭姜嫄,均有违史实。

There are several musical dances such as Cloud Gate,Great Juan,Great Xian,Great Shao,Great Xia,Great Hu and Great Wu in Officers of Zhou: Offices of Spring and Office of Music. The ages of these musical dances were not mentioned in Officers of the Zhou Dynasty. Zheng Xuan regarded the Six Eras after Emperor Huangdi as their ages. This viewpoint gradually became the final conclusion with strained interpretations by successive scholars. However,the so-called Musical Dances in the Six Eras were indeed composed with Yue Wei and Yuan Ming Bao. Musical dances of Zhou were nothing but Shao,Xia,Lai and Wu,in which the Wen Dance(Yue Dance) and Wu Dance(Gan Dance) were main bodies. The sayings of Great Dance and Small Dance in Officers of Zhou were fictitious. Using Cloud Gate and other musical dances to sacrifice hundreds of lords of the four directions and to specially sacrifice Jiang Yuan was not in conformity with historical facts.