民主革命时期党内“批评和自我批评”的生成

The Formation of “Criticism and Self-criticism” in the Party during the Period of the Democratic Revolution

作为一种创造性思维活动,早在党的创建和大革命时期,党内就存在批评、自我批评实践。土地革命战争初期,受共产国际影响,批评、自我批评在成为一种加强党内民主建设、纠正党的缺点错误的自觉行为的同时,也助推了党内教条主义倾向的盛行。土地革命战争后期和全面抗战时期,随着将马克思主义中国化历史任务的明确提出,独立自主原则指导下的批评、自我批评的开展,原本语义含混的批评、自我批评逐渐成为内涵清晰却又彼此统一的"批评和自我批评",并在延安整风实践中被提升为锤炼党性修养、纠正缺点错误、改进工作作风、克服骄傲自满情绪的重要武器,进而成为中国共产党的"新的工作作风"。

As an activity of creative thinking, the practice of criticism and self-criticism existed in the Party during its founding and during the period of the Great Revolution. In the early days of the Agrarian Revolutionary War and influenced by the Communist International, criticism and self-criticism was a conscious action to strengthen inner-Party democracy and to rectify Party errors. Meanwhile, it also promoted the prevalence of dogmatism in the Party. During the later stages of the Agrarian Revolutionary War and the full-scale launch of the Anti-Japanese War, with the explicit formulation of the historical mission of Marxism in China and the development of criticism and self-criticism under guidance of the principles of independence and autonomy, criticism and self-criticism, which originally had been semantically ambiguous, gradually became clear and unified. Furthermore, during the Yan＇ an rectification, criticism and self-criticism was promoted as an important weapon for tempering the cultiva- tion of a Party spirit, correcting mistakes, improving work styles, and overcoming arrogance and complacency, and it was elevated to a ＂new CPC work style. ＂