基于统计产量的水产养殖污染排放量测算与状况分析

Aquaculture Pollution Discharge Measurement and Status Analysis Based on Statistical Yield

利用现有的排污系数和养殖产量,对2014年水产养殖业主要污染物排放量进行了测算与分析,并探讨其污染贡献率,旨在为阐明中国水产养殖业的污染状况提供科学参考。鉴于相关对比数据的缺乏,本文选择数据较全的2014年度作为测算的代表年份。结果表明,2014年水产养殖业主要污染物排放量为:总氮68.342万t,氨氮16.660万t,总磷13.769万t,化学需氧量164.154万t,铜253.746 t,锌729.842 t。其中化学需氧量和氨氮排放量分别占全国废水中总排放量约7%。由于产量、养殖方式及品种的差异,淡水养殖的污染物排放量远高于海水养殖。同时,为推进中国水产养殖业可持续发展,提出了适当控制淡水养殖产量、调整养殖方式、推进健康生态水产养殖技术的开发和相关制度的研究等有关建议。

To provide scientific reference for illuminating the pollution status of aquaculture in China, based onthe existed pollution discharging coefficients and breeding yield of 2014, we calculated and analyzed the totaldischarge amount of major aquacultural pollutants.Due to the lack of correlation data, this paper chooses the yearof 2014 as the year of measurement. The results showed that the main pollution discharge amount of totalnitrogen, ammonia nitrogen（NH_3-N）, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand（COD）, copper and zinc inaquaculture in 2014 was 68.342 × 10^4, 16.660 × 10^4, 13.769 × 10^4, 164.154 × 10^4, 253.746 and 729.842 t,respectively. COD and NH_3-N accounted for about 7% of the total wastewater amount in China.. Due todifferences in yield, breeding way and variety, pollutant discharge amount from freshwater aquaculture wasmuch higher than that of marine aquaculture. In addition, to promote the sustainable development of aquaculturein China, we put forward suggestions such as controlling freshwater aquaculture production, adjusting breedingway, developing healthy and ecological breeding technology and promoting research on related systems.