施氮时期和R/FR比值对玉米生长生理性状和产量的影响

Nitrogen Application Time and R/FR Ratio: Effect on Growth Physiological Characters and Yield of Maize

研究施氮时期和光质(红光/远红光,R/FR)对玉米植株形态及产量构成因素的影响,对于探讨高密度种植玉米的生长和产量响应机制具有重要意义。以‘郑单958’和‘鲁单981’2个玉米品种为材料,在盆栽基施和追施2种施氮时期下,采用人工加装远红光LED灯设置低R/FR比值光环境,研究玉米生长生理性状和产量对低R/FR的响应。低R/FR处理后,各取样期植株的高度、总叶面积、比叶重都不同程度增加,而总叶片数却与对照持平;低R/FR处理还降低了叶片的SPAD值,却提高了叶片的净光合速率;低R/FR处理最终提高了玉米果穗的行粒数、穗粒重及果穗总重量,降低了穗轴重,而千粒重变化未达统计显著水平。低R/FR×品种互作和低R/FR×施氮时期在各个农艺性状上互作基本都未达到统计显著水平。低R/FR比值通过增加行粒数提高穗粒重。

The study aims on the effects of nitrogen application time and light quality（Red/Far red,R/FR） on the plant morphology and yield components of maize,and has significance for discussing the response mechanism of the growth and yield of maize under high density.‘Zhengdan 958＇and‘Ludan 981＇were used as materials,under the pot-cultivated basal fertilizer and dressing,artificial adding far red light LED lamp was used to set low R/FR ratio light environments,the response of maize growth physiological characters and yield to low R/FR was studied.Under low R/FR,plant height,total leaf area,specific leaf weight increased to different extents,while total leaf number remained the same as that of CK.Low R/FR treatment decreased SPAD of leaves but increased leaf net photosynthesis rate.Low R/FR treatment ultimately improved kernel numbers per row of maize ears,ear kernel weight and ear weight,but decreased the weight of ear axis,and the change of 1000 kernel weight was not significant in statistics.Low R/FR× cultivar interactions,low R/FR×nitrogen application time,the interactions of every agronomic character of the above treatments were not statistically significant.Low R/FR ratio could improve the ear kernel weight by increasing kernel number per row.