增施有机肥提升作物耐盐能力研究

Increasing Organic Fertilizers on Improving Salt Resistance of Crop

旨在找到提升作物耐盐能力的技术方法。应用桶栽实验研究4种有机肥于不同水分条件下对盐渍土栽培冬小麦和夏玉米生长发育、生理生态及产量的影响。施用有机肥可有效改善土壤环境,其中禾宜佳有机肥使土壤中总氮、有机质、总菌数分别提高了8.4%、16.7%、55.8%,效果最佳。在土壤含水量高时,施用有机肥可使盐胁迫下小麦、玉米叶片叶绿素含量分别提高约6.9%、5.1%左右;使小麦、玉米生物量最高分别增加60.0%和51.2%;不同有机肥使冬小麦净光合作用最大提高20.8%;冬小麦穗粒数提高了44.4%、千粒重增加24.9%,产量提高61.9%。在土壤含水量低时,以上指标也均有所增加,但增幅不及高含水量下明显。土壤含水量高时,增施有机肥有利于作物在高盐土壤中生长;水分含量低时,增施某些含盐量高的有机肥可能造成土壤盐浓度增加反而增大了对作物危害。在高水分条件下增施有机肥增产效果更佳。

This paper aims to find scientific methods to enhance the salt-tolerant ability of crops.Winter wheat and summer maize were planted in barrel.The effects of four kinds of organic fertilizers in different water conditions on the growth and development,physiology and biochemistry,and yield of winter wheat and summer maize with saline soil cultivation were studied.The application of organic fertilizers could improve the soil environment.The organic fertilizer‘Heyijia＇had the best effect,it increased the total nitrogen,organic contents and total microbial amounts in soil by 8.4%,16.7% and 55.8%,respectively.Under the high soil water content,leaf chlorophyll content of wheat and maize was increased by about 6.9% and 5.10% by applying organic fertilizer,and the highest increase of the biomass of wheat and maize was by 60.0% and 51.2%,respectively.Leaf photosynthesis of winter wheat was increased by up to 20.8% under the application of the organic fertilizers.The grains per spike,1000 grain weight and yield of winter wheat increased by 44.4%,24.9% and 61.9%,respectively.Those indexes were also enhanced in lower water content,but the amplification was not as obvious as that in high water content.The application of organic fertilizers benefited the growth of crops in high salt soils with higher water content.Nevertheless,adding some kinds of fertilizers which were rich in salts might increase the salt concentration of soil and cause damage to crops.Overall,adding organic fertilizer could achieve better effects under higher soil water content.