基于农地流转视角的中国农业技术效率分析

China Agricultural Technical Efficiency Analysis Based on Farmland Transfer

农地流转是发展适度规模现代农业的重要举措,对农业技术效率具有重要影响。基于2005—2014年中国农业省级面板和全国农村经济情况统计资料相关数据,运用随机前沿分析SFA模型,测算出样本期各省的农业技术效率值,从农地流转的广度和深度引入农地流转的代理变量,建立非效率方程,分析了农地流转对农业技术效率的影响。结果显示:(1)样本期我国农业技术效率平均值仅为0.57,且存在明显地区差异。(2)农业技术效率保持了年均2.1%的增长,成为农业全要素增长率的主要动力。(3)农地流转对农业技术效率有显著影响,从流转广度来看,流转农地占比越高,越能显著提高农业技术效率;从流转深度来看,流转的规模农户占比越大,反而会降低农业技术效率值,从而验证了农地流转中要坚持适度规模的原则。其隐含的政策含义是在农业现代化进程中要通过培养技术农民,以适度规模为原则因地制宜分类指导农地流转等来提高农业技术效率。

Farmland transfer is an important measure to develop moderate scale modern agriculture,and it has an important impact on technical efficiency.This paper calculates the agricultural technical efficiency based on 2005-2014 China Agricultural P rovincial P anel Data and SFA model,establishes a nonefficiency equation by introducing breadth of farmland transfer and depth of farmland transfer as the proxy variables of farmland transfer,and analyzes the influence of agricultural farmland transfer on agricultural technology efficiency.The results shows that the average technical efficiency is only 0.57 with remarkable regional differences,and it has maintained the growth of 2.1%,which enables technology efficiency to become the main power of agricultural TFP growth rate.Farmland transfer has a significant impact on agricultural technology efficiency.From the angle of circulation breadth,the higher the farmland transfer ratio(breadth)is,the higher its effect on raising the efficiency.Conversely,from the angle of circulation depth,the greater the scale farmers'ratio(depth)is,the lower the agricultural technology efficiency is.The results illustrate that we should improve agricultural technology efficiency through training the skilled peasants,and guiding farmland transfer process based on moderate scale and according to local conditions.