高校扩招、人力资本积累与创新能力提升

College Enrolment Expansion,Human Capital Accumulation and Innovation Ability Promotion

基于知识生产函数,运用中国省级面板数据,从高等教育扩招促使人力资本迅速积累这一视角,分析了中国技术创新发展的动态演变和区域差异,并利用工具变量解决人力资本与技术创新之间的内生性问题,结果发现:传统的最小二乘估计严重低估人力资本对技术创新的影响,就不同技术含量的专利而言,平均低估10.1%-68.5%;1999年高等教育扩招是造成我国创新能力在2003年之后快速提升的重要推动力量,同时高等教育资源地区分布不均是拉大我国区域创新能力分布差异的重要原因;我国现阶段R&D投入结构不合理,研发经费的过度投入降低了单位研发资本投入产出效率,造成研发资本投入与创新产出的负相关。

Based on the knowledge production function, by using provincial panel data, from the perspective of the expansion of higher education to promote the rapid accumulation of human capital, this paper analyzes the dynamic evolution and re- gional differences of technology innovation development in China and uses the Instrumental Variable to solve the endoge- nous problem between human capital and technological innovation. The results show that： the traditional least squares estimation seriously underestimates the impact of human capital on technological innovation, in terms of different techni- cal patents, underrating by 10. 1% to 68.5% on average; the enrolment of higher education in 1999 is an important driving force in the innovation ability of our country improved rapidly after 2003, meanwhile the uneven distribution of higher education resources is an important reason for the difference of regional innovation capacity distribution in China; at current stage, the unreasonable investment structure of R＆D in our country and excessive investment of funds reduces the efficiency of the unit R＆D capital input - output, which causes a negative correlation between R＆D capital invest- ment and innovation output.