日本农业政策的转向:从社会政策到产业政策

The Shift of Japanese Agricultural Policy: From Social Policy to Industrial Policy

日本之所以能成为少数实现跨越中等收入陷阱进入高收入国家行列的后发展国家,其中重要原因之一就是在日本农业政策支持下日本农业现代化的实现及农户收入与工业高速发展时期的城镇居民家庭的收入实现了同步增长。但日本政府缩小农业与工业收入差距,维持农户收入水平的农业政策是以日本农业无法实现规模化经营、高财政支出及牺牲消费者福利为代价的。以小型兼业农户对农业收入依赖的不断降低,无法实现从农业向其他部门转移的农业劳动人口逐渐退出农业劳动及其家庭成员不愿再继续从事农业为前提,为提升日本农业国际竞争力,日本农业政策的重心正从社会政策向产业政策偏移。

Japan has become the minority in the post - developing countries, which achieved moving be- yond the middle - income trap and entering into high - income countries class. One of the important rea- sons is that with the support of Japanese agricultural policy, Japan realized agricultural modernization and the simultaneous growth of household income and urban household income when industry in a stage of high - speed development. However, the government＇s agricultural policy of narrowing the income gap between agriculture and industry and maintaining the income level of farmers is realized at the expense of the ina- bility of Japanese agriculture to achieve large - scale operation, high fiscal expenditure and the sacrifice of consumer welfare. In order to improve the international competitiveness of agriculture in Japan, the focus of agricultural policy in Japan is shifting from social policy to industrial policy on the premise that small and part - time farmers are less dependent on agricultural income and cannot realize the gradual withdrawal of agricultural labor from agriculture to other sectors and their family members are unwilling to continue to engage in agriculture.