山西大同湖东北魏墓群发掘简报

Excavation Report of Northern Wei Dynasty Tombs in Datong, Shanxi Province

2004年秋至2005年初,为配合大秦铁路的基建项目,山西省考古研究所与大同市考古研究所联合发掘一处北魏墓群。发掘墓葬15座,形制上包括土洞墓、砖室墓和竖穴土坑墓,出土器物有铜器、铁器、玉器、陶器、漆器等。墓群无论是形制还是随葬器物,都具有北魏时期的特征。大同湖东地区是一处规模比较大的北魏平城时期墓葬的集中分布地,早在上世纪80年代,文物考古单位就曾在此进行过比较系统的工作,出土过一些十分重要的文物。此次发掘的墓群距离以往发掘过的北魏墓群都比较近,文化面貌相同,同属一期。本次发掘进一步丰富了北魏平城时期的文化面貌,扩大了北魏墓葬的选址范围,与历年发掘的北魏墓葬共同构筑了平城时代墓葬文化的丰富内涵。

Between the autumn of 2004 and early 2005, a group of Northern Wei dynasty tombs were excavated by Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Datong Institute of Archaeology. Fifteen tombs respectively with earth chambers, brick chambers and vertical earth pits were unearthed, and burial objects made of bronze, iron, jade, pottery and lacquer were discovered from them. Those tombs presented distinct features of the Northern Wei dynasty. Hudong area of Datong has witnessed the excavation of many tombs in the Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei dynasty, the earliest of which was in the 1980s. The tombs discussed in this article are close to previously excavated ones with similar cultural properties, which suggests that they belong to the same archaeological stage. This excavation has provided abundant materials for the study of the Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei dynasty, enlarging the distribution area of Northern Wei tombs and enriching the burial culture of the Pingcheng period.